Seasonal and inter‐annual variability in the heatwave tolerance of the kelp<i>Saccharina latissima</i>(Laminariales, Phaeophyceae)

Niedzwiedz, Sarina; Diehl, Nora; Fischer, Philipp; Bischof, Kai

doi:10.1111/pre.12501

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Temperature tolerance ranges for kelp sporophytes vary by species; for example, S. latissima sporophytes can survive temperatures between −1.5 and 23°C, while A. esculenta has a slightly lower upper survival limit of 21°C (Dieck, 1993 ). Increasing temperature beyond the optimum for a given species has a variety of impacts, including decreasing photosynthetic yield (Niedzwiedz et al, 2022 ), overall individual survival, and biomass and tissue strength in S. latissima (Simonson, Scheibling, & Metaxas, 2015 ), quality and commercial value in S. latissima and M. pyrifera (Lowman et al, 2022 ; Simonson, Metaxas, & Scheibling, 2015 ), phenotypic plasticity in N. luetkeana (Supratya et al, 2020 ), and spore development and settlement in M. pyrifera (Le et al, 2022 ). On the contrary, a rise in sea surface temperature is likely to favor kelp populations at the lower threshold of their thermal tolerances, resulting in overall positive biological effects and range expansions into northern regions by cold range edge species (Smale, 2019 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐latitude kelps and future oceans: A review of multiple stressor impacts in a changing world

Drakard

Hollarsmith

Stekoll

2023

Ecology and Evolution

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Kelp forests worldwide are threatened by both climate change and localized anthropogenic impacts. Species with cold-temperate, subpolar, or polar distributions are projected to experience range contractions over the coming decades, which may be exacerbated by climatic events such as marine heatwaves and increased freshwater and sediment input from rapidly contracting glaciers. The northeast Pacific has an extensive history of harvesting and cultivating kelps for subsistence, commercial, and other uses, and, therefore, declines in kelp abundance and distributional shifts will have significant impacts on this region. Gaps in our understanding of how coldtemperate kelp species respond to climate stressors have limited our ability to forecast the status of kelp forests in future oceans, which hampers conservation and management efforts. Here, we conducted a structured literature review to provide a synthesis of the impacts of multiple climate-related stressors on kelp forests in the northeast Pacific, assess existing knowledge gaps, and suggest potential research priorities. We chose to focus on temperature, salinity, sediment load, and light as the stressors most likely to vary and impact kelps as climate change progresses. Our results revealed biases in the existing literature toward studies investigating the impacts of temperature, or temperature in combination with light. Other stressors, particularly salinity and sediment load, have received much less focus despite rapidly changing conditions in high-latitude regions. Furthermore, multiple stressor studies appear to focus on kelp sporophytes, and it is necessary that we improve our understanding of how kelp microstages will be affected by stressor combinations. Finally, studies that investigate the potential of experimental transplantation or selective cultivation of genotypes resilient to environmental changes are lacking and would be useful for the conservation of wild populations and the seaweed aquaculture industry.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐latitude kelps and future oceans: A review of multiple stressor impacts in a changing world

Drakard

Hollarsmith

Stekoll

2023

Ecology and Evolution

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“…Contrary, S. latissima sporophytes from Brittany survive up to 25°C for more than a week . Susceptibility to high temperature was shown to vary with environmental thermal history, thus between seasons and years (Niedzwiedz et al 2022). Differences in temperature sensitivity were also found between laboratory cultures and field sporophytes (Heinrich et al 2016) and male and female gametophytes (Monteiro, Heinrich, et al 2019).…”

Section: Temperaturementioning

confidence: 90%

“…Different intensities, duration and recovery periods in marine heatwave experiments result in different responses of S. latissima. Moreover, inter-annual and seasonal variability on the thermal stresses of S. latissima was already shown (Niedzwiedz et al 2022). In general, seasonality strongly impacts physiological and biochemical parameters of S. latissima, still, little is known about how phenology changes across the distributional range and how it is affected by climate change.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…decreased growth and more erosion in a hot year compared to a cooler year (Armitage et al 2017). The impact of MHWs also varies by year and season, as shown for field sporophytes from Helgoland (Niedzwiedz et al 2022). S. latissima was more sensitive to high temperatures at the end of summer and during an extremely warm year.…”

Section: Temperaturementioning

confidence: 96%

“…Nevertheless, few studies simulating MHW scenarios were conducted on S. latissima (see Nepper-Davidsen et al 2019;Niedzwiedz et al 2022). Strong correlations between MHW events over the last 60 years and loss of S. latissima forests in the North and West Atlantic were found .…”

Section: Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

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The sugar kelp Saccharina latissima I: Recent advances in a changing climate

Diehl,

Li,

Scheschonk

et al. 2023

Preprint

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BackgroundThe sugar kelp Saccharina latissima is a Laminariales species widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere. Its physiology and ecology have been studied since the 1960s, given its ecological relevance in western temperate coasts. However, research interest has recently been rising, driven mainly by reports of negative impacts of anthropogenically induced environmental change and by the increased commercial interest in cultivating the species with several industrial applications for the resulting biomass. • ScopeWe reviewed peer-review research articles, reports, doctoral theses, and book chapters that targeted Saccharina latissima published from 2009 to May 2023. We include earlier publications only in the few cases where some key knowledge has not been recently supported or contested. • ConclusionsThe comprehensive view of the ecology, physiology, biochemical and molecular biology of S. latissima given here can fuel our understanding of its survival in nature and finetuning of cultivation methods for several specific applications, promoting a sustainable resource. Recent developments in genomics, transcriptomics and epigenomics have contributed significantly to improving the understanding of genetic diversity and molecular mechanisms underlying plasticity and local adaptation. Due to its wide distribution, S. latissima has to cope with a large variability of different environmental conditions and possible interactions between drivers. Therefore, S. latissima has developed a variety of physiological and biochemical mechanisms to adjust to environmental changes. Survival, growth, photosynthetic performance, metabolism, and 3 enzymatic activity are strongly affected by abiotic conditions, such as temperature, salinity, nutrient conditions or ocean acidification. Massive alterations regarding abundance, depth distribution and seasonal growth patterns of S. latissima have been reported recently throughout its distribution range, likely in response to climate change. These biogeographic changes are expected to continue, and although much effort has been dedicated to studying S. latissima responses to environmental drivers, there are still large knowledge gaps. keywords: acclimation -biogeography -climate change -local adaptation -macroalgae -marine ecology -metabolites -molecular biology -omics -physiology -seaweedwarming How S. latissima adjusts to its environment has been extensively studied, although unbalanced among drivers and geographical regions (see Responses to environmental drivers). In seaweeds, biochemical compounds, including pigments, carbohydrates, antioxidants, lipids, fatty acids and proteins, vary in composition and concentration depending on environmental conditions (summarized in Amsler 2008; Wiencke and Bischof 2012; Hurd et al. 2014; Zhang and Thomsen 2019). Furthermore, biological interactions with other taxa have the potential to profoundly change S. latissima growth and survival and are summarized in Biotic interactions. In addition to seasonal effects or differences on larger globa...

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Summer primary production of Arctic kelp communities is more affected by duration than magnitude of simulated marine heatwaves

Miller,

Gazeau,

Lebrun

et al. 2024

Ecology and Evolution

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Fjord systems in the Norwegian Arctic are experiencing an increasing frequency and magnitude of marine heatwaves. These episodic heat stress events can have varying degrees of acute impacts on primary production and nutrient uptake of mixed kelp communities, as well as modifying the biogeochemical cycling in nearshore systems where vast areas of kelp create structural habitat. To assess the impact of future marine heatwaves on kelp communities, we conducted a 23 day mesocosm experiment exposing mixed kelp communities to warming and heatwave scenarios projected for the year 2100. Three treatments were considered: a constant warming (+1.8°C from the control), a medium magnitude and long duration heatwave event (+2.8°C from the control for 13 days), and two short‐term, more intense, heatwaves(5 day long scenarios with temperature peaks at +3.9°C from the control). The results show that both marine heatwave treatments reduced net community production, whereas the constant warm temperature treatment displayed no difference from the control. The long marine heatwave scenario resulted in reduced accumulated net community production, indicating that prolonged exposure had a greater severity than two high magnitude, short‐term heatwave events. We estimated an 11°C temperature threshold at which negative effects to primary production appeared present. We highlight that marine heatwaves can induce sublethal effects on kelp communities by depressing net community production. These results are placed in the context of potential physiological resilience of kelp communities and implications of reduced net community production to future Arctic fjord environmental conditions.

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Seasonal and inter‐annual variability in the heatwave tolerance of the kelpSaccharina latissima(Laminariales, Phaeophyceae)

Cited by 8 publications

References 76 publications

High‐latitude kelps and future oceans: A review of multiple stressor impacts in a changing world

High‐latitude kelps and future oceans: A review of multiple stressor impacts in a changing world

The sugar kelp Saccharina latissima I: Recent advances in a changing climate

Summer primary production of Arctic kelp communities is more affected by duration than magnitude of simulated marine heatwaves

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