Seasonal and regional prevalence of norovirus, hepatitis A virus, hepatitis E virus, and rotavirus in shellfish harvested from South Korea

During the period from late 2019 to early 2020, we performed a foodborne virus detection from shellfish collected in Singapore at retail level. Multiple human enteric viruses were included as our targets including human noroviruses (NoVs) GI and GII, hepatitis A virus, hepatitis E virus and rotavirus. Out of the 60 shellfish samples, 23 (38·3%) were detected to be positive by reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) with human enteric viruses. Six samples were selected to proceed with virome capture sequencing with positive control samples spiked with serially diluted NoV GII clinical samples in oyster extract. As a result, the natural sample with comparable Ct values (34·0–35·0) of the spiked sample as detected by RT‐qPCR generated much lower read counts (>7‐log2 cumulative sum scaling difference) and genome coverage (406 nt. vs 3715 nt.), suggesting that the RT‐qPCR positive signals detected from the shellfish samples collected at the retail market were likely from degraded RNA derived from inactive virus particles.

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“…2012) and multiple screening studies afterwards (Seo et al . 2014; Fusco et al . 2019; Suffredini et al .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of virome capture sequencing in shellfish sold at retail level in Singapore

Tan

Chu

et al. 2021

Lett Appl Microbiol

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“…Bivalve mollusks are an important source of NoV contamination and have been linked to several outbreaks in humans (10,13). Scientists worldwide have done NoV survey studies in mollusks, but the majority of investigations have been undertaken in countries with a temperate climate (22,(31)(32)(33)(34)(35). These studies have obtained a variable detection rate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absence of norovirus contamination in shellfish harvested and commercialized in the Northeast coast of Brazil

Guarines

Mendes

Cordeiro

et al. 2020

Braz J Med Biol Res

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Norovirus (NoV) is the main cause of gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide. Although NoV spreads mainly from person to person, it is estimated that a large proportion of NoV outbreaks are caused by foodborne transmission. Bivalve mollusks are one of the most important foods involved in NoV transmission to humans. Little is known about NoV prevalence in shellfish harvested and commercialized in Brazil. The aim of this study was to map, for the first time, the distribution of NoV contamination in oysters and mussels harvested and commercialized in the coast of Pernambuco state, northeast Brazil. A total of 380 mollusks (260 oysters and 120 mussels) were collected between February and August 2017 either directly from harvesting areas or obtained from beach vendors at 17 sites in Pernambuco. Samples were processed and tested for NoV contamination using a SYBR Green real-time PCR assay. All samples were negative for NoV GI or GII contamination, suggesting a low risk of NoV contamination from this food source during the study period. Additional surveys in different areas of the Brazilian coast are warranted to monitor the risk of NoV infection upon seafood consumption.

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“…GII.4 has been the dominant genotype in HNoV-associated outbreaks worldwide [ 45 , 50 , 52 – 55 ]. Recent reports, however, showed that novel GII.17 NoVs, not GII.4 pandemic variants, have been the major causative agent of recent outbreaks in China and Japan [ 56 – 59 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Human Norovirus in the Coastal Waters of South Korea

et al. 2016

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The presence of human norovirus in the aquatic environment can cause outbreaks related to recreational activities and the consumption of norovirus-contaminated clams. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of norovirus genogroups I (GI) and II (GII) in the coastal aquatic environment in South Korea (March 2014 to February 2015). A total of 504 water samples were collected periodically from four coastal areas (total sites = 63), of which 44 sites were in estuaries (clam fisheries) and 19 were in inflow streams. RT-PCR analysis targeting ORF2 region C revealed that 20.6% of the water samples were contaminated by GI (13.3%) or GII (16.6%). The prevalence of human norovirus was higher in winter/spring than in summer/fall, and higher in inflow streams (50.0%) than in estuaries (7.9%). A total of 229 human norovirus sequences were identified from the water samples, and phylogenetic analysis showed that the sequences clustered into eight GI genotypes (GI.1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 9) and nine GII genotypes (GII.2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 11, 13, 17, and 21). This study highlighted three issues: 1) a strong correlation between norovirus contamination via inflow streams and coastal areas used in clam fisheries; 2) increased prevalence of certain non-GII.4 genotypes, exceeding that of the GII.4 pandemic variants; 3) seasonal shifts in the dominant genotypes of both GI and GII.

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Seasonal and regional prevalence of norovirus, hepatitis A virus, hepatitis E virus, and rotavirus in shellfish harvested from South Korea

Cited by 28 publications

References 51 publications

Application of virome capture sequencing in shellfish sold at retail level in Singapore

Application of virome capture sequencing in shellfish sold at retail level in Singapore

Absence of norovirus contamination in shellfish harvested and commercialized in the Northeast coast of Brazil

Distribution of Human Norovirus in the Coastal Waters of South Korea

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