Seasonal assessment of groundwater contamination, health risk and chemometric investigation for a hard rock terrain of western India

Kadam, Ajaykumar; Wagh, Vasant; Patil, S. N.; Umrikar, Bhavana; Sankhua, R. N.

doi:10.1007/s12665-021-09414-y

Cited by 36 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…However, due to numerous natural or anthropogenic factors, the groundwater quality has been under threat of deterioration in terms of quality and quantity. The contamination of groundwater has been reported in several recent studies (Adimalla and Venkatayogi 2018;Kadam et al 2021aKadam et al , 2021bKadam et al , 2021cLi et al 2016Li et al , 2021Wu et al 2015). Particularly in the urban areas of developing countries, the water quality has deteriorated significantly due to an exponential increase in industrialization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater quality assessment using geospatial and statistical approaches over Faridabad and Gurgaon districts of National Capital Region, India

2022

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This study presents an assessment of groundwater quality over the two constituent districts (Faridabad and Gurgaon) of the National Capital Region (NCR), India, using geospatial and statistical approaches. These districts have been subjected to rapid urbanization and industrialization in recent years. The groundwater quality parameters viz., pH, electrical conductivity (EC), carbonate (CO32−), bicarbonate (HCO3−), chloride (Cl−), sulphate (SO42−), nitrate (NO3−), fluoride (F−), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), silica (SiO2), and total hardness (TH) are obtained for the year of 2017 from 28 sites over the study area. The suitability for human drinking purposes is assessed by comparing the concentration of parameters at each site with respect to their permissible limits recommended by the Bureau of Indian Standards (IS 10500: 2012). The geospatial mapping of the water quality parameters is carried out to visualize their variations, whereas their risk assessment is accomplished by the statistical approaches viz., water quality index (WQI), correlation, and principal component analysis (PCA). The number of sites exceeding the permissible limits of pH, EC, Cl−, SO42−, NO3−, F−, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, and TH is obtained to be 7, 15, 5, 6, 8, 3, 5, 7, 18, 3, and 8, respectively. The WQI analysis revealed 10 out of the 28 sites to be unsuitable for drinking purposes. The parameters mostly exhibited positive correlations except for pH that showed a negative correlation with other parameters. The results of PCA revealed the first principal component (PC1) to explain more than 95% of the total variance, thereby significantly reducing the dimensionality. The deteriorated water quality may be mainly attributed to anthropogenic activities, i.e., reckless industrial growth, population explosion, and rapid urbanization. This study emphasizes the need for regular water quality monitoring, and the information reported will certainly help for water resources planning and management, especially over the industrial regions of NCR, India.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater quality assessment using geospatial and statistical approaches over Faridabad and Gurgaon districts of National Capital Region, India

2022

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“…Quality of groundwater also depends on various geogenic activities. Highly localized factors like topography and lithology effect the quality to vary within short distances in the area examined (Kadam et al 2021a(Kadam et al , 2021bGaikwad et al 2021;Subba Rao et al 2012;Raju et al 2009;Nageswara Rao et al 2019). The quantity is also subject to weathering, groundwater movement, individual ion content and ion exchange, environment and time variability in the recharge and discharge cycle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemical characterization, deciphering groundwater quality using pollution index of groundwater (PIG), water quality index (WQI) and geographical information system (GIS) in hard rock aquifer, South India

Sunitha

Reddy

2022

Appl Water Sci

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Fifty groundwater samples were obtained pre and post-monsoon seasons in parts of hard rock terrain in Andhra Pradesh, South India, in order to assess the drinking water quality. PIG values of groundwater samples ranged from 0.95–1.53 and 0.83–1.28 during pre and post-monsoon seasons. PIG values are slightly higher in the pre-monsoon season when compared to the post-monsoon season. In the pre monsoon season, 96% of the groundwater samples showed insignificant pollution class (< 1), 4% of the groundwater samples are low pollution (1–1.5). 82% of the groundwater samples showed insignificant pollution status (< 1), 18% of the groundwater samples fall under the low pollution (1–1.5), is noticed in post-monsoon season, respectively. WQI values of groundwater samples ranged from 108.5–204 mg/L and 112.6–170 mg/L during pre and post-monsoon seasons; its shows that 100% are very poor for drinking purpose. Piper diagram reveals that groundwater is majorly mixed Ca2+-Mg2+-Cl−, Ca2+-Mg2+-Cl−-SO42−, Na+-K+-Cl−- SO42− type in this region. The Gibbs plot indicates that groundwater samples fall within the field of rock dominance. Through applying GIS techniques, the spatial distribution of groundwater quality analysis reveals that most of the groundwater samples do not comply drinking water quality standards and water needs to be prior treatment before consumption.

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“…Indeed, urban (e.g., use of cesspits for wastewater disposal), agricultural (e.g., intensive use of fertilizers and pesticides), and industrial (e.g., unmanaged solid waste disposal) activities increase the soluble contaminants reaching groundwater [9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Scholars have confirmed the increasing health risk associated with groundwater contamination [16,17], which could cause different diseases (e.g., hepatitis, dysentery, poisoning, blue baby syndrome, and cancers) and lead to death [11,13,14,[18][19][20]. Accordingly, assessment of groundwater quality is of great interest for evaluating its suitability for human usage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GIS-Based Spatiotemporal Mapping of Groundwater Potability and Palatability Indices in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas

Judeh

Bian

Shahrour

2021

Water

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This paper aims to assess groundwater potability and palatability in the West Bank, Palestine. It combines the adjusted weighted arithmetic water quality index method (AWAWQIM), a close-ended questionnaire, and step-wise assessment ratio analysis (SWARA) to develop groundwater potability (PoGWQI) and palatability (PaGWQI) indices. Both a geographic information system (GIS) and the kriging interpolation method (KIM) are employed to create spatiotemporal mapping of PoGWQI and PaGWQI. The research is based on data from 79 wells, which were provided by the Palestinian Water Authority (PWA). Data include fecal coliform (FC), nitrate (NO3), pH, chloride (Cl), sulfate (SO4), bicarbonate (HCO3), total dissolved solids (TDS), turbidity, and hardness. Results indicate that 2% and 5% of water samples were unpotable and unpalatable, respectively. Unpotable samples were found in areas with poor sewer networks and intensive use of agrochemicals. All groundwater samples (100%) in the eastern part of the West Bank were unpalatable because of seawater intrusion. Unconfined aquifers were more vulnerable to potability and palatability contamination. It was noticed that PoGWQI is sensitive to FC and NO3, while PaGWQI is sensitive to HCO3, TDS, and Cl. Consequently, these quality parameters should be monitored well. The proposed method is of great interest to water decision-makers in Palestine for establishing strategies to protect water resources.

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Seasonal assessment of groundwater contamination, health risk and chemometric investigation for a hard rock terrain of western India

Cited by 36 publications

References 57 publications

Groundwater quality assessment using geospatial and statistical approaches over Faridabad and Gurgaon districts of National Capital Region, India

Groundwater quality assessment using geospatial and statistical approaches over Faridabad and Gurgaon districts of National Capital Region, India

Geochemical characterization, deciphering groundwater quality using pollution index of groundwater (PIG), water quality index (WQI) and geographical information system (GIS) in hard rock aquifer, South India

GIS-Based Spatiotemporal Mapping of Groundwater Potability and Palatability Indices in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas

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