Seasonal concentrations of lead in outdoor and indoor dust and blood of children in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Because detrimental effects of exposure to lead (Pb) on human health have been observed, we previously investigated concentrations of Pb in water supplies and blood of adult residents of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The objectives of the present study were to: (1) examine seasonal rates of deposition of Pb in dust in several areas of Riyadh city, (2) measure concentrations of Pb in both outdoor and indoor dust, (3) compare concentrations of Pb in dust in Riyadh with those reported for other cities, and (4) quantify Pb in blood of children living in Riyadh. Mean, monthly deposition of PB in outdoor dust was 4.7 × 10(1) ± 3.6 tons km(-2), with a mean Pb concentration of 2.4 × 10(2) ± 4.4 × 10(1) μg/g. Mean, monthly deposition of Pb in indoor dust was 2.7 ± 0.70 tons km(-2), with a mean concentration of 2.9 × 10(1) ± 1.5 × 10(1) μg Pb/g. There was a significant (P < 0.01) correlation between concentrations of Pb in outdoor and indoor dust. There was no correlation between concentrations of Pb in indoor dust and that in blood of children of Riyadh, whereas there was a weakly significant (P < 0.05) correlation between concentrations of Pb in outdoor dust and that in blood of children. The mean (±SD) concentration of Pb in blood of children in Riyadh was 5.2 ± 1.7, with a range of 1.7-1.6 × 10(1) μg/dl. Concentrations of Pb in blood of 17.8 % of children in Riyadh were greater than 10 μg/dl, which is the CDC's level of concern.

Influence of dust accumulation on building roof thermal performance and radiant heat gain in hot-dry climates

“…In West Niger, Goossens and Rajot [34] used and tested seven different theoretical and experimental techniques. ElDesoky et al [16] and Modaihsh and Mahjou [17] collected the dust by using a marble dust collector. Malakootian et al [18] used the British standard method for collecting dust samples.…”

“…Dust flux has been measured and modeled for different applications such as human health impact, air quality, soil formation, and transportation visibility. Several experimental studies have measured dust deposition rates as an average over fairly short time periods in areas such as North Africa, America, the Middle East, and Asia [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. Additionally, dust atmospheric models have been designed to predict dust emission, concentration and deposition [24][25][26].…”

Deep Eutectic Solvent-Based Microextraction of Lead(II) Traces from Water and Aqueous Extracts before FAAS Measurements

“…The possibility of the circulating lead binding with erythrocytes is high, leading to its rapid distribution throughout the body, including in organs such as the liver and brain, and in the bones [ 6 ]. In addition, the presence of lead in the human body causes oxidative stress through reactive oxygen species production as well as reducing antioxidant defenses’ ability such as by affecting superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymes [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. Therefore, the accurate determination of lead is an important issue in analytical chemistry because of the very low concentrations in some samples as well as the presence of a matrix in real samples, which may interfere with instrumental determination [ 15 , 16 , 17 ].…”

Reliability of a decision‐tree model in predicting occupational lead poisoning in a group of highly exposed workers

“…Hypertension and cardiovascular disease can subsequent develop via Pb‐induced arteriosclerosis, atherosclerosis, and thrombosis [Vaziri, ]. Research on exposed children, the most susceptible group, has also indicated that one's blood lead level (BLL) is more closely associated with the characteristics of one's immediate environment than with the characteristics of a larger area [Kaplowitz et al, ; Morrison et al, ; El‐Desoky et al, ]. Ambient air Pb concentrations have declined over the past 30 years [Richmond‐Bryant et al, ]; predicted BLL in children has been lower in more recent years [Handler and Brabander, ; Li et al, ]; and, in the elderly, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and BLL screening data suggest that elevated BLLs in this population are rare [Vearrier and Greenberg, ].…”