The development of the most reliable and green techniques
for nanoparticle
synthesis is an emerging step in the area of green nanotechnology.
Many conventional approaches used for nanoparticle (NP) synthesis
are expensive, deadly, and nonenvironmental. In this new era of nanotechnology,
to overcome such concerns, natural sources which work as capping and
reducing agents, including bacteria, fungi, biopolymers, and plants,
are suitable candidates for synthesizing AgNPs. The surface morphology
and applications of AgNPs are significantly pretentious to the experimental
conditions by which they are synthesized. Available scattered information
on the synthesis of AgNPs comprises the influence of altered constraints
and characterization methods such as FTIR, UV–vis, DLS, SEM,
TEM, XRD, EDX, etc. and their properties and applications. This review
focuses on all the above-mentioned natural sources that have been
used for AgNP synthesis recently. The green routes to synthesize AgNPs
have established effective applications in various areas, including
biosensors, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cancer treatment, surface-enhanced
Raman spectroscopy (SERS), antimicrobial agents, drug delivery, gene
therapy, DNA analysis, etc. The existing boundaries and prospects
for metal nanoparticle synthesis by the green route are also discussed
herein.
