Seasonal Demand Dynamics of Residential Water End-Uses

Rathnayaka, K.; Malano, Hector; Maheepala, Shiroma; George, Biju; Nawarathna, Bandara; Arora, Meenakshi; Roberts, Peter

doi:10.3390/w7010202

Cited by 60 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…No significant seasonal trend of the water demands was observed for the field data examined, contrary to what happens for residential users in some countries [24,25].…”

Section: The Monitoring Systems and The Data Samplesmentioning

confidence: 76%

Probabilistic Models for the Peak Residential Water Demand

Gargano

Tricarico

Granata

et al. 2017

Water

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Peak water demand is one of the most stringent operative conditions for a Water Distribution System (WDS), not only for the intensity of the event itself, but also for its recurring nature. The estimation of the maximum water demand is a crucial aspect in both the design and management processes. Studies in the past have tackled this issue with deterministic approaches, even if peak phenomena are distinctly random. In this work, probabilistic models have been developed to study and forecast the daily maximum residential water demand. Some probability distributions have been tested by means of statistical inferences on different data samples related to three monitored WDS. The parameter estimations of the proposed equations have been related to the number of supplied users. Furthermore, this work investigates time scaling effects on the effectiveness of the proposed distributions and relations. Corrective factors that take into account the effect of time averaging step on the above-mentioned parameters have been proposed.

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“…No significant seasonal trend of the water demands was observed for the field data examined, contrary to what happens for residential users in some countries [24,25].…”

Section: The Monitoring Systems and The Data Samplesmentioning

confidence: 76%

Probabilistic Models for the Peak Residential Water Demand

Gargano

Tricarico

Granata

et al. 2017

Water

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“…Currently, the seasonal demand dynamics as, for example, discussed in [26], are only taken into account in a simplified way. A peak day demand is used for network design, an average day with a diurnal demand pattern is used to assess the impact of the decentralised measures and an assumed low consumption day being one third of the average daily demand is used for water quality assessments in the potable water supply network.…”

Section: Hybrid Water Supply Estimation With Urbanbeatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Hybrid Water Supply on the Centralised Water System

Sitzenfrei

Zischg

Sitzmann

et al. 2017

Water

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Traditional (technical) concepts to ensure a reliable water supply, a safe handling of wastewater and flood protection are increasingly criticised as outdated and unsustainable. These so-called centralised urban water systems are further maladapted to upcoming challenges because of their long lifespan in combination with their short-sighted planning and design. A combination of (existing) centralised and decentralised infrastructure is expected to be more reliable and sustainable. However, the impact of increasing implementation of decentralised technologies on the local technical performance in sewer or water supply networks and the interaction with the urban form has rarely been addressed in the literature. In this work, an approach which couples the UrbanBEATS model for the planning of decentralised strategies together with a water supply modelling approach is developed and applied to a demonstration case. With this novel approach, critical but also favourable areas for such implementations can be identified. For example, low density areas, which have high potential for rainwater harvesting, can result in local water quality problems in the supply network when further reducing usually low pipe velocities in these areas. On the contrary, in high demand areas (e.g., high density urban forms) there is less effect of rainwater harvesting due to the limited available space. In these high density areas, water efficiency measures result in the highest savings in water volume, but do not cause significant problems in the technical performance of the potable water supply network. For a more generalised and case-independent conclusion, further analyses are performed for semi-virtual benchmark networks to answer the question of an appropriate representation of the water distribution system in a computational model for such an analysis. Inappropriate hydraulic model assumptions and characteristics were identified for the stated problem, which have more impact on the assessments than the decentralised measures.

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“…What is required for planning decentralized systems is a much finer understanding of temporal and spatial demand variability at end‐use level. Rathanayaka et al provide a comprehensive review of the existing models to predict end‐use water demand and approaches to arrive at their estimation . In another study, authors identified the factors affecting spatial and temporal variability in water demand and developed a new stochastic–deterministic approach to predicting water demand .…”

Section: Dimensions Of Hwsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rathanayaka et al provide a comprehensive review of the existing models to predict end‐use water demand and approaches to arrive at their estimation . In another study, authors identified the factors affecting spatial and temporal variability in water demand and developed a new stochastic–deterministic approach to predicting water demand . This level of modeling scale is critical in assisting to determine the optimal design scale for decentralized water supply systems.…”

Section: Dimensions Of Hwsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between centralized and decentralized water systems in urban context: A review

et al. 2015

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This study presents a comprehensive review of the literature on implementation of various decentralized water systems along with centralized systems. The review highlights the benefits provided by these systems as well as various challenges posed associated with them. There are complex interactions involved within the water systems in an urban setting that are multidimensional and span over various aspects of water availability, quality, energy use, environmental, legal, economic, and social sectors. Although there are many economic, environmental, and social benefits associated with decentralized systems, there are some hidden challenges that are generally overlooked by planners and managers; these include the spatial integration of such systems, their energy intensity, social, economic, and environmental viability of these systems. Decisions to implement decentralized water systems require decision makers to consider economic, social, and environmental dimensions conjointly through an appropriate multicriteria decision analysis to select the hybrid water supply combination optimal for the given circumstances. The existing studies and tools are unable to address these factors using an integrated approach. So a holistic framework to evaluate and compare various water supply options in terms of energy use, social, economic, and environmental impacts is required to assess such systems in comprehensive manner. WIREs Water 2015, 2:623–634. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1099 This article is categorized under: Engineering Water > Planning Water Engineering Water > Sustainable Engineering of Water

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Seasonal Demand Dynamics of Residential Water End-Uses

Cited by 60 publications

References 11 publications

Probabilistic Models for the Peak Residential Water Demand

Probabilistic Models for the Peak Residential Water Demand

Impact of Hybrid Water Supply on the Centralised Water System

Interactions between centralized and decentralized water systems in urban context: A review

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