Seasonal distributions of fungicides in soils and sediments of a small river basin partially devoted to vineyards

Environmental Fate of Fungicides in Surface Waters of a Horticultural-Production Catchment in Southeastern Australia

“…Our results are broadly consistent with those studies investigating the presence of fungicides in waterways of horticultural catchments (Bermudez-Couso et al 2007;Hildebrandt et al 2008;Gregoire et al 2010;Rabiet et al 2010). For instance, in a study that involved monitoring 7 fungicides in surface water collected after 58 runoff events (during a 4-year period) in a winegrowing catchment of France, Gregoire et al (2010) frequently detected pyrimethanil (39-90%) in the water samples.…”

“…Metalaxyl was the only fungicide included in the study of Hildebrandt et al (2008); again, unlike this study, it was detected in a relatively low number of samples (approximately 10%). Finally, Bermudez-Couso et al (2007) found that cyprodinil (72% of samples) and procymidone (50% of samples) were the most prevalent fungicides in sediment samples collected within a vineyard catchment; however, these fungicides were not observed in the sediment samples collected in this study. Myclobutanil, the fungicide most frequently detected in this study, has not previously been investigated in waterways in horticultural catchments.…”

“…However, these surveys only gave cursory consideration to fungicides, with just one fungicide being included in the list of 75 different pesticides tested. The limited number of other studies that have investigated fungicides in surface waters of horticultural catchments have detected residues of some fungicides in a relatively high percentage of samples (Bermudez-Couso et al 2007;Hildebrandt et al 2008;Gregoire et al 2010;Rabiet et al 2010;Wightwick et al 2010). For example, Gregoire et al (2010) monitored fungicides in a wine-growing catchment of France during a period of 4 years and found that in any given year, dimethomorph, pyrimethanil, and azoxystrobin were present in at least 30% and B100% of the water samples collected.…”

Behaviour of metalaxyl as copper oxychloride–metalaxyl commercial formulation vs. technical grade-metalaxyl in vineyards-devoted soils

“…Farmers apply fungicides in response to the losses induced by rainfall; therefore, they often repeat the application up to 15 times in rainy weather. Intensive application of fungicides is associated to their occurrence in water wells [2], surface waters [3], and soils and sediments [4]. Use of complex mixtures based on copper oxychloride and organic based active compounds is widespread.…”

Pesticide residues in dried table grapes from the Aegean region of Turkey

“…Research by Bermudez-Couso et al (2007) studied the concentration of several fungicides use in area used for vineyards in Spain. Only 125 ppb of procymidone was found in soil samples and with no detectable levels in the grapes (Bermudez-Couso et al 2007). Similarly, less than 0.0005 mg/L was detected in wines from Portugal (Calhelha et al 2006).…”