Seasonal Effects on the Corneoconjunctival Microflora in a Population of Persian Cats in Iran

Aftab, Ghazal; Rajaei, Seyed Mehdi; Pot, Simon A.; Faghihi, Houman

doi:10.1053/j.tcam.2018.12.003

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Seasonal influences and effects of season on the conjunctiva flora have been reported in humans, dogs, cats, and horses 23–27 . Aftab et al reported a lower number of positive bacterial cultures and number of gram‐negative bacteria isolates in the cold seasons in a population of Persian cats 25 . Results published by Büttner et al confirm that the season had a significant effect on the frequency of isolation 26 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Although similar methods were used to detect bacterial microorganisms, these findings should be interpreted with caution as many of the differences exist in climate between Canada, where the cats from the Shewen study were, and Iran. Seasonal influences and effects of season on the conjunctiva flora have been reported in humans, dogs, cats, and horses 23–27 . Aftab et al reported a lower number of positive bacterial cultures and number of gram‐negative bacteria isolates in the cold seasons in a population of Persian cats 25 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of conjunctival microbiota of clinically normal Persian cats with and without nasolacrimal duct obstruction

Arteaga¹,

Aftab

Rajaei

et al. 2021

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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Objective This study was performed to determine the conjunctival microbiota of Persian cats with and without nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO). Animals studied Twenty‐five Persian cats: 15 with bilateral NLDO (Group A) and 10 with no NLDO (Group B). Procedures All fifty eyes were assessed. Sterile swab applicators were used for the collection of specimens, which were cultured. PCR was performed on conjunctival swab and blood samples for the detection of Mycoplasma spp. and feline herpesvirus 1(FHV‐1), respectively. Results FHV‐1 was detected in two cats in Group A. Twelve eyes from Group A and four from Group B were Mycoplasma spp. positive based on the PCR results. Moreover, fungal culture was positive in six eyes from Group A and three eyes from Group B. The dominant fungus isolated was Aspergillus spp. (6 out of 11 fungal isolates). Other isolated fungi were Alternaria spp. and Cladosporidium spp. Twenty‐three eyes had positive bacterial culture in Group A, while twelve eyes were positive in Group B. The most commonly isolated bacteria were Staphylococcus epidermidis (15 out of 38 bacterial isolates). β‐hemolytic Streptococcus spp., Corynebacterium spp., and Staphylococcus aureus were isolated in similar proportions in both groups. Escherichia coli was also present in both groups. Conclusions Results of this study revealed same isolated fungal and bacterial spp. and in similar proportions in Persian cats with and without NLDO.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of conjunctival microbiota of clinically normal Persian cats with and without nasolacrimal duct obstruction

Arteaga¹,

Aftab

Rajaei

et al. 2021

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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“…In particular, Espínolaz & Lilenbaum (1996) emphasize the importance of the species S. felis, although they indicate a significant prevalence of S. epidermidis (45.7%), S. simulans (23.9%), S. auricularis (17%) and S. saprophyticus (6.5%) ). Aftab et al (2019) note also the high presence in the conjunctival sac of S. pyogenes (18.9%) and Escherichia coli (11.5%). A significant increase in the prevalence among cats resistant to antibacterial agents of pathogenic Staphylococcus species, in particular S. aureus, has been demonstrated (Lane et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…According to Aftab et al (2019), conjunctivitis is not characterized by seasonality against the background of predominance of gram-positive bacteria -S. epidermidis (43.2%), β-hemolytic streptococcus (18.9%), S. aureus (17.9%) and E. coli (11.5%). At the same time, we found that their registration in the cold season was significantly higher, although gram-positive microorganisms were most often also isolated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenetic role of Staphylococcus aureus in purulent keratoconjunctivitis in cats

Maslikov¹,

Bely²,

Samoilіuk³

et al. 2019

Regul. Mech. Biosyst.

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The research was carried out in the Department of Surgery and Obstetrics of Agricultural Animals of Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University on clinically healthy outbred cats of different ages with purulent keratoconjunctivitis. Hematological, biochemical and immunological parameters were determined in the animals, and microbiological and virological research was conducted on them. According to the data obtained, more than half of cases of ophthalmopathology in cats were conjunctivitis and keratoconjunctivitis, and they were more often registered in the cold season. The main causes of eye diseases in the cats were mechanical injuries, coccal and chlamydial infection, allergy and development of disease against the background of primary lesions of the ears and paranasal sinuses. Among the detected microorganisms, the vast majority (81.9%) were staphylococci, including S. albus, S. aureus and S. epidermidis. All types of microorganisms except O-forms of Bacillus sp. exhibited high and medium sensitivity to antibiotics. Immunoblotting revealed polypeptides that responded to specific S. aureus antigens in samples of conjunctiva, cornea, intraocular fluid, and blood of cats suffering from purulent (staphylococcal) keratoconjunctivitis. The highest antigen concentration was detected in the cornea and conjunctiva. In the absence of expressive shifts of the investigated hematological and biochemical parameters, the dynamics of immunological markers were shown by a significant increase in the content of immunoglobulins and circulating immune complexes, as well as by a distinct activation of the complement system by the classical route. The results showed a clear gradual activation of phagocytosis, namely: the number of phagocytic neutrophils increased, reaching its maximum value by the seventh day of development of purulent keratoconjunctivitis. The phagocytic index in the first three days of observation tended to decrease, and by the seventh day it had already significantly exceeded the initial value. Despite the ambiguous dynamics of the phagocytic index, in the course of the development of the inflammatory process in the blood of sick cats, we observed a clear increase in the index of complete phagocytosis. Thus, the development of purulent keratoconjunctivitis in cats occurs against the background of clear cellular and humoral responses to the infectious agent.

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“…In cats, the number of Gram‐negative bacteria was reported to be increased during cold seasons (Aftab et al., 2019 ). In clinically normal dogs, the number of positive bacterial cultures was different during cold and warm seasons (Wang et al., 2008 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evaluation of normal ocular parameters in two breeds of hedgehogs

Aftab

Arfaee

Asghari

et al. 2023

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate conjunctival microflora and measure normal tear production and intraocular pressure (IOP) in two breeds of hedgehogs (long‐eared hedgehogs and Brandt's hedgehogs). Methods Forty‐eight hedgehogs from two different breeds were chosen for the study. Tear production was measured using the Schirmer tear test (STT) and phenol red thread test (PRTT) in both eyes. IOP was measured using a rebound tonometer. To perform microbiological sampling one drop of tetracaine was instilled in the eyes. Two sterile microswabs were used to collect samples for the microbial and fungal culture. All the microswab samples were transferred in phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) to the laboratory for culture. Two MacConkey and two blood agar media plates were employed for each eye. Oneplate of sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) was used for the fungal culture for each eye. Standard biochemical tests were performed to identify the isolated organisms. Results The mean STT and PRTT values were 1.6 ± 0.1 mm/min and 2.4 ± 0.3 mm/15 s in long‐eared hedgehogs and 2.2 ± 0.1 mm/min and 2.5 ± 0.3 mm/15 s in Brandt's hedgehogs, respectively. Mean (SD) Intraocular pressure of right eyes in long‐eared hedgehog and Brandt hedgehog were 19.7 ± 1.4 mmHg and 19.2 ± 2.4 mmHg, respectively. In the left eyes of long‐eared hedgehog and Brandt hedgehog mean (SD) IOP were 19.8 ± 1.5 mmHg and 19.5 ± 2.1 mmHg, respectively. In long‐eared hedgehogs, the most common bacteria were Staphylococcus epidermidis and Bacillus spp. In Brandt's hedgehogs, 24 out of 48 eyes had Staphylococcus epidermidis, which was the most commonly isolated bacterial species. Conclusions This study established reference intervals for IOP, STT and PRTT in hedgehogs and recognised and compared ocular conjunctival microflora in two breeds of hedgehogs.

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Seasonal Effects on the Corneoconjunctival Microflora in a Population of Persian Cats in Iran

Cited by 4 publications

References 23 publications

Comparison of conjunctival microbiota of clinically normal Persian cats with and without nasolacrimal duct obstruction

Comparison of conjunctival microbiota of clinically normal Persian cats with and without nasolacrimal duct obstruction

Pathogenetic role of Staphylococcus aureus in purulent keratoconjunctivitis in cats

The evaluation of normal ocular parameters in two breeds of hedgehogs

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