Seasonal expression of androgen receptor in scented gland of muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus)

Lu, Lu; Liu, Shuqiang; Li, Qinglin; Huang, Shiyang; Bao, Lihong; Sheng, Xia; Han, Yingying; Watanabe, Gen; Taya, Kazuyoshi; Wang, Qiang

doi:10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.04.031

Cited by 27 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…1h, i). This result is also in agreement with previously published work [2]. The morphological results suggest an important relationship between the muskrat musk gland and testis, simultaneously growing during the breeding season and involuting during the non-breeding season.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…3h). These changes suggested that far more AR and androgens are needed in the breeding season to regulate musk gland development and musk production, which is in agreement with previous research [1, 2]. Androgens mainly function via the hypothalamus-pituitary-testis system to regulate testis development.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…2a, c). A previous study also detected AR in musk glands of muskrats [1, 2]. We also found AR distributed in the musk glands of small Indian civet and musk deer (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Our previous study show the testis has seasonal change in muskrat, but the relationship of musk gland and testis is not clear. Prior research has suggested that musk gland development and function might be regulated by androgens [2, 3] produced by the testis under the control of the hypothalamus-pituitary-testis system [4, 5]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Musk gland seasonal development and musk secretion are regulated by the testis in muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus)

Zhang

Peng

et al. 2017

Biol Res

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BackgroundThe muskrat is a seasonal breeder. Males secrete musk to attract females during the breeding season. The testosterone binding to the androgen receptor (AR) in musk glands of muskrat may play an important role conducting the musk secretion process.MethodsThe musk gland, testis and blood samples of musk rats are collected in both breeding and non-breeding seasons. Some part of the samples are kept in liquid nitrogen for transcriptome analysis and Western blotting test. Some part of the samples are kept in 70% alcohol for histology experiment, blood samples are kept at −20 °C for the serum testosterone measurement experiment.ResultsThis study demonstrates that the quantity of secreted musk, the volume of the musk glands, the diameter of the gland cells and AR expression are all higher during the breeding season than at other times (p < 0.01). StAR, P450scc and 3β-HSD expression in the Leydig cells of the testis were also higher during this season, as was serum testosterone. AR was also observed in the gland cells of two other musk-secreting animals, the musk deer and small Indian civet, in their musk glands. These results suggest that the testes and musk glands co-develop seasonally.ConclusionThe musk glands’ seasonal development and musk secretion are regulated by the testes, and testosterone plays an important role in the seasonal development of musk glands.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40659-017-0116-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…2a, c). A previous study also detected AR in musk glands of muskrats [1, 2]. We also found AR distributed in the musk glands of small Indian civet and musk deer (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Musk gland seasonal development and musk secretion are regulated by the testis in muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus)

Zhang

Peng

et al. 2017

Biol Res

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“…Estrogen receptor alpha and beta are expressed in the scent glands of the muskrat, with the expression of estrogen receptor alpha especially strong in glandular cells, interstitial cells and epithelial cells [15]. Lu et al (2014) found stronger expression of the androgen receptor in scent glands during the breeding season, which suggests that the scent gland may be an androgen target organ [16]. However, the regulation of the mechanism for musk secretion in muskrats by other factors is still unclear.…”

Section: Elisa Analysis Of Adiponectinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adiponectin plays a role in energy metabolism for musk secretion in scent glands of muskrats (<i>Ondatra zibethicus</i>)

Zhang

et al. 2016

Endocr J

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Abstract. Adult male muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus) secret musk from their scent glands to attract females for seasonal mating. The goal of the present study was to investigate whether the changes in energy metabolism related to musk secretion during the breeding and non-breeding seasons are mediated by adiponectin. We found that the secretion of musk during the breeding season was markedly greater than that during the non-breeding season. The serum adiponectin concentration measured using an ELISA kit was higher during the breeding season than during the non-breeding season. Glandular cells, interstitial cells, epithelial cells and glandular cavities were detected in scent glands using histological methods. Immunohistochemical methods were used to show that AMP-activated protein kinase-gamma-1 (AMPKG1), and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) were more strongly expressed in glandular cells during the breeding season than the non-breeding season, whereas the immunoreactivity for acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1) was stronger during the nonbreeding season. Consistent with these qualitative results, RNA-Seq analysis indicated that the expression of AdipoR1 mRNA was not significantly different during the two seasons. However, AMPKG1 and GLUT1 mRNA levels were higher in scent glands during the breeding season than during the non-breeding season, whereas ACC1 mRNA levels notably decreased during the breeding season. These results suggest that greater musk secretion requires additional energy, which may be provided by an adiponectin-mediated increase in β-oxidation and glucose absorption.

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Seasonal expressions of nerve growth factor (NGF), and its receptor TrkA and p75 in the scent glands of muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus)

Xie,

Gao,

Artigas Ramirez

et al. 2024

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry an

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Seasonal expression of androgen receptor in scented gland of muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus)

Cited by 27 publications

References 48 publications

Musk gland seasonal development and musk secretion are regulated by the testis in muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus)

Musk gland seasonal development and musk secretion are regulated by the testis in muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus)

Adiponectin plays a role in energy metabolism for musk secretion in scent glands of muskrats (<i>Ondatra zibethicus</i>)

Seasonal expressions of nerve growth factor (NGF), and its receptor TrkA and p75 in the scent glands of muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus)

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