Seasonal Patterns of Sleep Stages and Secretion of Cortisol and Growth Hormone During 24 Hour Periods in Northern Norway

Weitzman, Elliot D.; deGraaf, Andries S.; Sassin, Jon F.; Hansen, T.; Godtlibsen, O. B.; Perlow, Mark J.; Hellman, Louis M.

doi:10.1530/acta.0.0780065

Cited by 58 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…There are few studies in which sleep architecture has been analyzed throughout the year. Weitzman et al 19 could not find any seasonality of sleep parameters in 7 subjects living in northern Norway. In their study, the wake-up time and bedtime were controlled, a condition different from ours.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Seasonality in human sleep

et al. 1992

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The timing of sleep and sleep EEG parameters in 10 healthy male subjects were investigated in four seasons under controlled conditions. The phase of nocturnal sleep was delayed about one and a half hours in winter as compared to that in summer. The duration of stage 4 sleep decreased and REM sleep increased significantly in winter compared with summer. The seasonality in the timing of sleep can be explained by photoperiodic time cues, but the changes in sleep EEG parameters are difficult to explain in terms of photoperiod.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Seasonality in human sleep

et al. 1992

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“…In the 1950s it was shown that this diurnal variability was reduced in psychiatric patients with severe emotional distress (26), and a similar pattern has been shown due to stress and anxiety (24). There may also be a seasonal change in cortisol levels (21,27).…”

Section: Wålinder Et Almentioning

confidence: 84%

Physiological and psychological stress reactions in relation to classroom noise

Wålinder

Gunnarsson²,

Runeson³

et al. 2007

Scand J Work Environ Health

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Objectives This study tested the hypothesis that classroom noise is related to stress reactions among primary school children. Stress was monitored via symptoms of fatigue and headache, systolic blood pressure, reduced diurnal cortisol variation, and indicators of emotional distress.Methods In three classrooms of pupils in the fourth grade (10 years of age), daily measurements of equivalent sound levels (Leq) were made during 4 weeks, evenly distributed from September to December. One day each week of the study, the pupils answered a questionnaire about disturbance and symptoms, and blood pressure and salivary cortisol were measured. In the first and fourth week, the children also performed a standardized drawing test concerning emotional indicators.Results Daily measurements of equivalent sound levels in the classes (Leq during schoolday) ranged from 59 to 87 dB(A). Equivalent sound-levels were significantly related to an increased prevalence of symptoms of fatigue and headache and a reduced diurnal cortisol variability. Blood pressure and emotional indicators were not significantly related to sound levels.Conclusions Current sound levels in Swedish classrooms may have a negative health impact, being directly or indirectly related to stress reactions among children. This finding indicates that noise should be focused on as a risk factor in the school environment.

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“…Until the present time studies dealing with the circannual rhythms of adrenocortical hormones in plasma and their metabolites in urine have principally been limited, in man, to plasma total cortisol (Mills & Waterhouse, 1973;Weitzman, de Graaf, Sassin, Hansen, Godtlibsen, Perlow & Hellman, 1975;Reinberg, Lagoguey, Cesselin, Touitou, Legrand, Delassalle, Antréassian & Lagoguey, 1978;Walter-van Cauter, Virasoro, Leclercq & Copinschi, 1981), urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroids (17-OH-CS) (Okamoto, Kohzuma & Horiuchi, 1964;Watanabe, 1964;Ahuja & Sharma, 1971;Reinberg et al 1978) and 17-ketosteroids (17-KS) (Hamburger, 1954) and have been documented only in young subjects. Few data are available in the literature dealing with the effects of ageing on the circannual rhythmicity of adrenocortical hormones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adrenocortical hormones, ageing and mental condition: seasonal and circadian rhythms of plasma 18-hydroxy-11-deoxycorticosterone, total and free cortisol and urinary corticosteroids

Touitou¹,

Sulon²,

Bogdan³

et al. 1983

Journal of Endocrinology

100

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The circannual rhythms of plasma 18-hydroxy-11-deoxycorticosterone (18-OH-DOC), total and free cortisol have been documented on a circadian basis in January, March, June and October in seven young men (24 years old), six elderly men, six elderly women and six elderly demented subjects, both men and women, in their eighties. Blood samples were drawn every 4 h over a 24-h period at each sampling session and urine samples were collected at 4-h intervals only from the young men. A circadian rhythm of 17-hydroxy-corticosteroids (17-OH-CS), 17-ketosteroids (17-KS), urinary free cortisol and 18-OH-DOC was defined for each of the four seasons with stable acrophases throughout the year and the same excretory profiles. A circannual rhythm was validated in young men for 17-OH-CS, urinary free cortisol and 18-OH-DOC but not for 17-KS. A circadian rhythm of plasma free cortisol, the active form of the hormone, plasma total cortisol and plasma 18-OH-DOC was validated in all groups and at all the seasons at which samples were taken. The secretory profiles of 18-OH-DOC, free and total cortisol were very similar, with no differences attributable to age, sex or mental condition except for the levels of plasma free cortisol and 18-OH-DOC which were higher and lower respectively in the elderly subjects. Whereas a circannual rhythm of plasma 18-OH-DOC was validated for all groups, a circannual rhythm of both free and total cortisol in the plasma was validated in young men but not in any group of elderly subjects. This loss of the circannual rhythmicity of cortisol in the elderly may reflect the decrease with age of the capacity to adapt to seasonal external factors.

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Seasonal Patterns of Sleep Stages and Secretion of Cortisol and Growth Hormone During 24 Hour Periods in Northern Norway

Cited by 58 publications

References 0 publications

Seasonality in human sleep

Seasonality in human sleep

Physiological and psychological stress reactions in relation to classroom noise

Adrenocortical hormones, ageing and mental condition: seasonal and circadian rhythms of plasma 18-hydroxy-11-deoxycorticosterone, total and free cortisol and urinary corticosteroids

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