Seasonal prevalence of bovine fasciolosis and its direct economic losses (del) due to liver condemnation at Makurdi abattoirs north central Nigeria

Abstract

This study was conducted to report the prevalence of bovine fasciolosis and to estimate the direct economic losses (DEL) from condemnation of liver as a result of detection of lesions of fasciolosis in cattle slaughtered in Makurdi abattoirs. Retrospective data were collected from the abattoir records obtained from Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources (MANR) Makurdi, from 2008 to 2012. Direct economic losses were calculated based on a pilot study to determine the average price of liver per kilogram (AvP/kg) and using the formula: DEL = w × AvP/kg, where is the number of livers condemned and is the average liver weight in kg. Between 2008 and 2012, 64,978 cattle were slaughtered at Makurdi abattoirs, out of which 9,478 cattle were infected with Fasciola species. This represents an overall prevalence of 14.56% (95%, C.I.: 12.99 -16.85%). Annual prevalence of bovine fasciolosis was significantly (P <0.05) high in 2010 and decreased from 2011 to 2012. During the late dry season, the prevalence of bovine fasciolosis was significantly high (P <0.05). A total of 4220 liver were condemned during the study period. This amounted to 12660 kg and valued at ₦12,660,000.00 ($79251.60 USD). The highest prevalence was recorded during the late dry season. However, cattle acquire the infection during the wet season and early dry season. Pathological lesions were much obvious during the late dry season possibly when the animals were most stressed, hence we suggest that control measures should be targeted towards wet and early dry seasons. Bovine fasciolosis is prevalent in cattle slaughtered in Makurdi abattoirs and accounts for huge financial losses.

Survey of bovine fasciolosis burdens in trade cattle slaughtered at abattoirs in North-central Nigeria: The associated predisposing factors and economic implication

“…The overall retrospective prevalence of bovine fasciolosis during a ten-year period was 1.46%. Higher five-year bovine fasciolosis burden of 14.6% from condemned livers has been reported at Makurdi abattoirs in Nigeria ( Ejeh et al, 2015 ). Also, a higher 28.0% level of fluke infection has been recorded at an abattoir in northern Portugal/Spain ( Arias et al, 2011 ), and much higher prevalence of 68.0% from the disease has been reported in slaughtered cattle at the Lake Chad ( Jean-Richard et al, 2014 ).…”

“…Kuchai et al (2011) have previously reported similar finding of low prevalence of bovine fasciolosis during dry season among cattle of Ladakh in Egypt. In contrast, high liver condemnations due to fasciolosis have been reported at dry season in Ethiopia and Nigeria, and were attributed to long prepatent period that enhance additional infections with resultant elevated prevalence of patent fasciolosis in the late rainy season, which might occur up to the dry season ( Abdulhakim and Addis, 2012 , Ejeh et al, 2015 ). The seasonal pattern of Fasciola infections represents an increased infection rates in the rainy season than in the dry season in our surveys, as previously reported ( Sissay et al, 2007 ).…”

A review of bovine fasciolosis and other trematode infections in Nigeria

“…The prevalence distribution of bovine fasciolosis is mapped (fig. 1) according to available data published between 1980 and 2016 (Schillhorn van Veen, 1980, Nwosu & Srivastava, 1993; Ngwu et al, 2004; Opara, 2005; Ekwunife & Eneanya, 2006; Adedokun et al, 2008; Umar et al, 2009; Ibironke & Fasina, 2010; Sugun et al, 2010; Gboeloh, 2012; Omoleye, 2012; Odigie & Odigie, 2013; Abraham & Jude, 2014; Ardo et al ., 2014; Magaji et al , 2014; Ngele & Ibe, 2014; Onyeabor, 2014; Yahaya & Tyav, 2014; Ejeh et al, 2015; Elelu et al, 2016). The high prevalence rate from liver condemnation in a 3-year period reported in Lagos State (Ibironke & Fasina, 2010) can be explained by the fact that this State is the commercial nerve centre of Nigeria, with a very large human population, and many cattle from all over the country are often slaughtered at the abattoir.…”

Economic loss from liver condemnation due to Fasciolosis in slaughtered ruminants in Maiduguri abattoir, Borno State, Nigeria

“…The second, also free-swimming, cercariae stage of the parasite are released from the snail and get attached to fresh water plants as third stage resting encysted metacercariae. Humans or animals that eat or ingest such plants with encysted metacercariae, or drink water that is contaminated with these cysts, can become infected with the parasite (Ejeh et al, 2015).…”

“…Animals become infected through consumption of infected or contaminated feed, water and pasture (Magaji et al, 2014;Ejeh et al, 2015). Adult fasciola flukes living in the bile duct release eggs into the intestine, which are then passed through the host's stool during defaecation into still water.…”