Seasonal variation and size distributions of water-soluble inorganic ions and carbonaceous aerosols at a coastal site in Ningbo, China

Zhang, Jingjing; Tong, Lei; Huang, Zhongwen; Zhang, Huiling; He, Mengmeng; Dai, Xiaorong; Zheng, Jie; Xiao, Hang

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.183

Cited by 70 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…This phenomenon may be associated with seasonal weather variation. During the wet season, T and rainfall were higher (Figure 2b), which contributed to the volatilization and removal of WSIIs in PM 2.5 [21,33]; thus, the concentrations and contributions were high in this season. Conversely, in the dry season, as the T and rainfall decreased (Figure 2b), the volatilization of the SNA and ion removal rate also decreased, which contributed to the increase of WSIIs in PM 2.5 ; thus, the concentrations and contributions were low in this season [2,21].…”

Section: Quantitative Estimation By Pmf and Seasonal Variation Of Difmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonal Control of Water-Soluble Inorganic Ions in PM2.5 from Nanning, a Subtropical Monsoon Climate City in Southwestern China

et al. 2019

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In this study, we measured the daily water-soluble inorganic ions (WSIIs) concentration (including SO42−, NO3−, NH4+, Ca2+, K+, Cl−, Na+, Mg2+, and F−) of PM2.5 (particulate matter with a diameter smaller than 2.5 μm) throughout the year in Nanning (a typical subtropical monsoon climate city in southwestern China) to explore the influence of seasonal climate change on the properties of PM2.5 pollution. This suggested that SO42−, NO3−, and NH4+ were the main component of WSIIs in Nanning. Secondary inorganic ions from fossil fuel combustion, agricultural activities, and automobile emissions were the main contributors to PM2.5, contributing more than 60% to PM2.5. Compared with the wet season, the contributions of different sources increased in the dry season (including pollution days); of these sources, automobile emissions and coal combustion emissions increased the most (about nine times and seven times, respectively). Seasonal weather and climate change affected the concentration level of WSIIs. During the wet season, higher temperatures and abundant rainfalls contributed to the volatilization and removal of WSIIs in PM2.5, while in the dry season and on pollution days, lower temperatures and less precipitation, higher emissions, and poor diffusion conditions contributed to the accumulation of WSIIs in PM2.5. NH4HSO4, (NH4)2SO4 and NH4NO3 were the main chemical forms of secondary inorganic ions. Sufficient NH3, intense solar radiation, and moist particulate matter surface promoted the formation of secondary inorganic ions. The higher temperature contributed to the volatilization of secondary inorganic ions.

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Section: Quantitative Estimation By Pmf and Seasonal Variation Of Difmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(NSS-Ca 2+ ), and non-sea salt Mg 2+ (NSS-Mg 2+ ) were estimated based on the hypothesis that the particles originating from sea salt have the same components as seawater, and the Na + measured was assumed to be derived from sea salt [32,33]. The calculation formulae are as follows:…”

Section: Calculation Of Non-sea Salt (Nss) Aerosolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Control of Water-Soluble Inorganic Ions in PM2.5 from Nanning, a Subtropical Monsoon Climate City in Southwestern China

et al. 2019

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“…Here, the published datasets of size-segregated urban aerosol Cl − that were sampled during both winter and summer in China were compiled for comparison [30,52,56,[80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87] (Figure 8). The compiled size distribution results of aerosol Cl − displayed a bimodal pattern, with peaks located between 0.43~0.65 µm for fine mode particles and 4.7~5.8 µm for coarse mode particles both in winter ( Figure 8a) and summer (Figure 8b).…”

Section: Size Distributions Of Aerosol CL − : a Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Distributions and Sources of Inorganic Chlorine in PM2.5 across China in Winter

et al. 2019

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Chlorine is an important atmospheric photochemical oxidant, but few studies have focused on atmospheric chlorine. In this study, PM 2.5 samples were collected from urban and rural sites across China in January 2018, and concentrations of Cl − and other water-soluble ions in PM 2.5 were analyzed. The size-segregated aerosol Cl − data measured across Chinese cities by other studies were compiled for comparison. The observed data demonstrated that the Cl − concentrations of PM 2.5 in northern cities (5.0 ± 3.7 µg/m 3 ) were higher than those in central (1.9 ± 1.2 µg/m 3 ) and southern cities (0.84 ± 0.54 µg/m 3 ), suggesting substantial chlorine emissions in northern cities during winter. The concentrations of Cl − in aerosol were significantly higher in urban regions (0.11-26.7 µg/m 3 ) compared to than in rural regions (0.03-0.61 µg/m 3 ) across China during winter, implying strong anthropogenic chlorine emission in cities. Based on the mole ratios of Cl − /Na + , Cl − /K + and Cl − /SO 2− 4 and the PMF model, Cl − in northern and central cities was mainly sourced from the coal combustion and biomass burning, but in southern cities, Cl − in PM 2.5 was mainly affected by the equilibrium between gas-phase HCl and particulate Cl − . The size-segregated statistical data demonstrated that particulate Cl − had a bimodal pattern, and more Cl − was distributed in the fine model than that in the coarse mode in winter, with the opposite pattern was observed in summer. This may be attributed to both sources of atmospheric Cl − and Cl − involved in chemical processes. This study reports the concentrations of aerosol Cl − on a national scale, and provides important information for modeling the global atmospheric reactive chlorine distribution and the effects of chlorine on atmospheric photochemistry.Atmosphere 2019, 10, 505 2 of 16 may disturb the aerosol acidity [11][12][13][14], which further affects the water-soluble ion concentrations aerosol [15,16]. Although the Cl − concentration in aerosol has been incidentally reported in many studies, very few studies have paid attention to Cl − in terrestrial aerosols as compared to marine aerosol, let alone in situ observations on a large spatial scale.The sources of atmospheric Cl − have been identified using several different methods, such as determining stable isotopic compositions of Cl − [17][18][19], monitoring the relationships between Cl − and OC, EC, Na + , and K + [16,[20][21][22], and model simulations [23,24]. Atmospheric Cl − has many natural sources, including sea water, wildfires, dust storms, and volcanic eruptions [25][26][27][28], as well as anthropogenic sources, such as coal combustion, biomass burning, industrial emissions, and the use of sodium chloride on icy roads [20,21,[29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. The chlorine emissions from sea water (both particulate Cl − and gas-phase HCl) were estimated to be 1792.6 Tg Cl yr −1 [23], which is considerably higher than emissions from other sources, such as dust (15 Tg Cl yr −1 as particulate Cl − ) and volcanic eruption...

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“…7(d)). Based on the analyses of the size-fractioned aerosol samples collected by eight-stage Anderson samplers for four seasons, Zhang et al discovered that the size distributions of SO 4 2and NH 4 + fraction were almost unimodal when the T was high during all seasons, in contrast, those of Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ appeared bimodal in the lower T [35]. The proportion of stationary emission sources gradually increased in the range of 0.6 to 1.8 μm, which was consistent with the previous research [36].…”

Section: Chemical Characteristics Of Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of long-range transported PM2.5 at a coastal city using the single particle aerosol mass spectrometry

Cai

Tong

Zhang

et al. 2019

Environmental Engineering Research

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Air pollution has attracted ever-increasing attention because of its substantial influence on air quality and human health. To better understand the characteristics of long-range transported pollution, the single particle chemical composition and size were investigated by the single particle aerosol mass spectrometry in Fuzhou, China from 17th to 22nd January, 2016. The results showed that the haze was mainly caused by the transport of cold air mass under higher wind speed (10 m•s-1) from the Yangtze River Delta region to Fuzhou. The number concentration elevated from 1,000 to 4,500 #•h-1 , and the composition of mobile source and secondary aerosol increased from 24.3% to 30.9% and from 16.0% to 22.5%, respectively. Then, the haze was eliminated by the clean air mass from the sea as indicated by a sharp decrease of particle number concentration from 4,500 to 1,000 #•h-1. The composition of secondary aerosol and mobile sources decreased from 29.3% to 23.5% and from 30.9% to 23.1%, respectively. The particles with the size ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 μm were mainly in the accumulation mode. The stationary source, mobile source, and secondary aerosol contributed to over 70% of the potential sources. These results will help to understand the physical and chemical characteristics of long-range transported pollutants.

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Seasonal variation and size distributions of water-soluble inorganic ions and carbonaceous aerosols at a coastal site in Ningbo, China

Cited by 70 publications

References 53 publications

Seasonal Control of Water-Soluble Inorganic Ions in PM2.5 from Nanning, a Subtropical Monsoon Climate City in Southwestern China

Seasonal Control of Water-Soluble Inorganic Ions in PM2.5 from Nanning, a Subtropical Monsoon Climate City in Southwestern China

Spatial Distributions and Sources of Inorganic Chlorine in PM2.5 across China in Winter

Characteristics of long-range transported PM2.5 at a coastal city using the single particle aerosol mass spectrometry

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