Seasonal variation in the incidence of Type 1 diabetes mellitus during 1983 to 1992 in the countries around the Baltic Sea

Padaiga, Žilvinas; Tuomilehto, Jaakko; Karvonen, Marjatta; Dahlquist, Gisela; Podar, T; Adojaan, Bela; Urbonaite, Brone; Žalinkevičius, R; Briģis, Ģirts; Virtala, Esa; Kohtamäki, Kimmo; Čepaitis, Žygimantas; Tuomilehto‐Wolf, Eva

doi:10.1046/j.1464-5491.1999.00140.x

Cited by 28 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…This finding is in accordance with most previous studies on the seasonality of the diagnosis of T1DM [7,12,14,15,18,20]. Although an initial study from 2001 found no relationship between the incidence of T1DM diagnosis and the season among several countries in Europe, a recent study within Europe based on accumulated data from 23 European registries over a 20-year observation period reported seasonal variation in T1DM diagnosis with highest IR in November to February among all patients and in both sexes in most countries [20].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

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Seasonality of diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus in the Netherlands (Young Dudes-2)

Spaans¹,

Dijk

Groenier³

et al. 2016

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism

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During the study period (2009-2011) an average annual number of 2.909.537 children aged 0-14 lived in the Netherlands and 676 children were diagnosed with T1DM per year, translating into an annual incidence rate (IR) of T1DM of 23.2 per hundred thousand children (ptc). The annual IR differed significantly (p=0.03) between seasons: 6.4 ptc in winter, 4.9 ptc in spring, 5.4 ptc in summer and 6.6 ptc in autumn. This pattern was present within both boys and girls Conclusions: Among Dutch children aged 0-14 years, there is seasonality in the of T1DM with a peak incidence in autumn and winter.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Most studies reported seasonality [7,[10][11][12][13][14] with different patterns between different age groups [15][16][17][18], whereas only one study did not find seasonality [19]. Recently, the Eurodiab study described seasonality with peak incidence in the winter in 21 of the 23 European countries included [20].…”

Section: Introduction Key Notesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonality of diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus in the Netherlands (Young Dudes-2)

Spaans¹,

Dijk

Groenier³

et al. 2016

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism

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show abstract

“…In hibernators, body fat levels show predictable increases and decreases with seasonal changes in response to sensing of environmental factors or by responding to the timing of an endogenous clock [1,13]. Although humans do not hibernate and thus have less need to store energy, several reports have shown seasonal variation in metabolic diseases including insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, which peaks during winter months [10,15], in blood glucose concentration and insulin sensitivity in healthy people [2,11] and in blood glucose concentration in patients with type 2 diabetes [9]. In addition, some cases of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease have been reported to be caused by biological interactions related to seasonal changes [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic adaptation of mice in a cool environment

Uchida

Shiuchi

Inada

et al. 2010

Pflugers Arch - Eur J Physiol

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Homeothermic animals, including humans, live by adapting to changes in ambient temperature. Numerous studies have demonstrated cold exposure (at approximately 5 degrees C) improves glucose tolerance despite reducing insulin secretion and increasing energy expenditure. To determine the effects of a small reduction in ambient temperature on energy metabolism, we compared two groups of mice; one exposed to a cool environment (20 degrees C) and the other maintained in a near-thermoneutral environment (25 degrees C) for 10 days. Both glucose-induced insulin secretion and glucose response were significantly impaired in mice exposed to a cool environment. In the cool temperature-exposed mice, skin temperatures were reduced, and plasma norepinephrine levels were increased, suggesting that impairment of insulin secretion was facilitated by induction of sympathetic nervous activity due to skin cooling. In addition, expression of GLUT4 mRNA was increased significantly in inguinal subcutaneous adipose tissue (IWAT) but not in epididymal or brown adipose tissue or skeletal muscle in these mice. Moreover, expression of Dok1, a molecule linked to activation of insulin receptors in adipocyte hypertrophy, and Cd36, a molecule related to NEFA uptake, were also increased at mRNA and/or protein levels only in IWAT of the cool temperature-exposed mice. Fatty acid synthesis was also facilitated, and fat weights were increased only in IWAT from mice kept at 20 degrees C. These results suggest that a small reduction in ambient temperature can affect glucose homeostasis through regulation of insulin secretion and preferentially enhances fat storage in IWAT. These adaptations can be interpreted as preparation for a further reduction in ambient temperature.

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“…Most populationbased registries have shown an increasing incidence of type 1 diabetes over time (2,4 -12), whereas others have shown no trend (13)(14)(15)(16)(17). Some of the inconsistencies may be attributed to differences in ascertainment and inadequate sample size to detect statistically significant changes over time.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing Incidence of Type 1 Diabetes in 0- to 17-Year-Old Colorado Youth

et al. 2007

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OBJECTIVE—We sought to assess the long-term trends in the incidence of type 1 diabetes among non-Hispanic white and Hispanic youth aged 0–17 years from Colorado using data from the Colorado IDDM Study Registry (1978–1988) and SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth (2002–2004). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Cases of diabetes were ascertained through physician reporting and hospital databases. Type 1 diabetes was defined as use of insulin within 2 weeks from diagnosis. Completeness of ascertainment was estimated as 97%. Annual average incidence rates (per 100,000/year) and 95% CIs for the time periods were computed. Trends in incidence were assessed by Poisson regression. RESULTS—The incidence of type 1 diabetes was 14.8 (95% CI 14.0–15.6) in 1978–1988 and 23.9 (22.2–25.6) in 2002–2004 for the state of Colorado (P < 0.0001). From 1978 to 2004, the incidence of type 1 diabetes increased by 2.3% (1.6–3.1) per year (P < 0.0001). The increase in incidence was significant for both non-Hispanic white (2.7% [95% CI 1.9–3.6] per year, P < 0.0001) and Hispanic youth (1.6% [0.2–3.1] per year, P = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS—The incidence of type 1 diabetes has increased 1.6-fold among Colorado youth from 1978–1988 to 2002–2004, and both non-Hispanic white and Hispanic youth are affected by this trend.

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Seasonal variation in the incidence of Type 1 diabetes mellitus during 1983 to 1992 in the countries around the Baltic Sea

Abstract: The seasonal pattern with two cycles among older children and one cycle only among younger children may indicate different triggers of Type 1 diabetes mellitus for different age groups.

Cited by 28 publications

References 55 publications

Seasonality of diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus in the Netherlands (Young Dudes-2)

Seasonality of diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus in the Netherlands (Young Dudes-2)

Metabolic adaptation of mice in a cool environment

Increasing Incidence of Type 1 Diabetes in 0- to 17-Year-Old Colorado Youth

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