Seasonal Variation in the Rhizosphere and Non-Rhizosphere Microbial Community Structures and Functions of Camellia yuhsienensis Hu

Abstract

Camellia yuhsienensis Hu, endemic to China, is a predominant oilseed crop, due to its high yield and pathogen resistance. Past studies have focused on the aboveground parts of C. yuhsienensis, whereas the microbial community of the rhizosphere has not been reported yet. This study is the first time to explore the influence of seasonal variation on the microbial community in the rhizosphere of C. yuhsienensis using high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that the dominant bacteria in the rhizosphere of C. yuhsienensis were Chloroflexi, Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Planctomycetes, and the dominant fungi were Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Mucoromycota. Seasonal variation has significant effects on the abundance of the bacterial and fungal groups in the rhizosphere. A significant increase in bacterial abundance and diversity in the rhizosphere reflected the root activity of C. yuhsienensis in winter. Over the entire year, there were weak correlations between microorganisms and soil physiochemical properties in the rhizosphere. In this study, we found that the bacterial biomarkers in the rhizosphere were chemoorganotrophic Gram-negative bacteria that grow under aerobic conditions, and fungal biomarkers, such as Trichoderma, Mortierella, and Lecanicillium, exhibited protection against pathogens in the rhizosphere. In the rhizosphere of C. yuhsienensis, the dominant functions of the bacteria included nitrogen metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and sulfur metabolism. The dominant fungal functional groups were endophytes and ectomycorrhizal fungi of a symbiotroph trophic type. In conclusion, seasonal variation had a remarkable influence on the microbial communities and functions, which were also significantly different in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere of C. yuhsienensis. The rhizosphere of C. yuhsienensis provides suitable conditions with good air permeability that allows beneficial bacteria and fungi to dominate the soil microbial community, which can improve the growth and pathogen resistance of C. yuhsienensis.

Spatial and Species Variations of Bacterial Community Structure and Putative Function in Seagrass Rhizosphere Sediment

“…The seagrass habitats for their study was in the intertidal regions, while all the seagrasses in this study were collected from the coral reef ecosystem [ 16 ]. Moreover, previous studies have highlighted the importance of temperature in constructing the rhizosphere bacterial community anwhich exhibited seasonal variations [ 43 , 44 ]. Therefore, there may also be seasonal variations in the seagrass rhizosphere bacterial community.…”

Microbial Communities and Functions in the Rhizosphere of Disease-Resistant and Susceptible Camellia spp.

“…The soil physicochemical properties were measured according to Li et al (2020) . Soil temperature at 0–20 cm depth was measured using a Wdsen Electronic temperature recorder (iButton DS1925) during the entire experimental period ( Supplementary Figure 1 ).…”

“…Nutrient absorption from the soil and plant disease resistance is also affected by the soil microbiome, especially the rhizosphere microorganisms ( Bob et al, 1987 ; Jansson and Hofmockel, 2020 ). Although the rhizosphere microbial communities have been investigated in C. oleifera ( Zhang P. et al, 2020 ) and C. yuhsienensis ( Li et al, 2020 ), it remains difficult to compare differences in rhizosphere microbial community structures and functions due to inconsistent climate, soil conditions, and management practices. More importantly, none of the previous studies have reported on the microbial functions and their role in oil tea disease susceptibility and growth.…”

Land use and season drive changes in soil microbial communities and related functions in agricultural soils

“…Considering cultivated agricultural soils, Li et al (2019) observed that the relative abundance of Acidobacteria significantly increased in summer while Actinobacteria were significantly reduced in both spring and summer. However, research by Li et al (2020) found that Chloroflexi and Actinobacteria were significantly higher in summer while Acidobacteria were significantly higher in spring. Therefore, research needs to be conducted to clarify the effects of season on specific soil microorganisms in agricultural soils.…”