Seasonal variation in xylem pressure of walnut trees: root and stem pressures

Ewers, Frank W.; Améglio, Thierry; Cochard, Hervé; Beaujard, Francois; Martignac, Michel; Vandame, Marc; Bodet, C.; Cruiziat, P.

doi:10.1093/treephys/21.15.1123

Cited by 81 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 32 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Positive xylem pressures have been linked to vessel refilling in a variety of angiosperms, such as temperate woody trees [56], woody tropical plants [57], and many herbaceous species [51 ]. Refilling has also been reported under negative pressures, for instance in bay laurel [58] and rice [59], and requires pressures that need to rise close to atmospheric levels while the bulk xylem remains under negative pressure [60].…”

Section: Refilling Embolized Conduitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embolism resistance as a key mechanism to understand adaptive plant strategies

Lens

Tixier

Cochard

et al. 2013

Current Opinion in Plant Biology

200

177

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

One adaptation of plants to cope with drought or frost stress is to develop wood that is able to withstand the formation and distribution of air bubbles (emboli) in its water conducting xylem cells under negative pressure. The ultrastructure of interconduit pits strongly affects drought-induced embolism resistance, but also mechanical properties of the xylem are involved. The first experimental evidence for a lower embolism resistance in stems of herbaceous plants compared to stems of their secondarily woody descendants further supports this mechanical-functional trade-off. An integrative approach combining (ultra)structural observations of the xylem, safety-efficiency aspects of the hydraulic pipeline, and xylem–phloem interactions will shed more light on the multiple adaptive strategies of embolism resistance in plants

show abstract

Section: Refilling Embolized Conduitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embolism resistance as a key mechanism to understand adaptive plant strategies

Lens

Tixier

Cochard

et al. 2013

Current Opinion in Plant Biology

200

177

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Autumn and spring xylem pressures appeared to be of root origin and were positively correlated with soil temperature [44]. Winter stem pressure was associated with low temperatures and with high sugar concentrations in the xylem sap [2,7].…”

Section: The "Frost-thaw" Explanationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydraulic architecture of trees: main concepts and results

2002

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

-Since about twenty years, hydraulic architecture (h.a.) is, doubtless, the major trend in the domain of plants (and especially trees) water relations. This review encompasses the main concepts and results concerning the hydraulic of architecture of trees. After a short paragraph about the definition of the h.a., the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the h.a. are presented. This is an occasion to discuss the pipe model from the h.a. point of view. The second part starts with the central concept of embolism and give a review of important experimental results and questions concerning summer and winter embolism. The last part deals with the coupling between hydraulic and stomatal conductances. It discusses the theoretical and experimental relationships between transpiration and leaf water potential during a progressive soil drought, the increase of soil-root resistance and its consequences in term of xylem vulnerability, the factors controlling the daily maximum transpiration and how stomates can prevent "run away embolism". In conclusion different kinds of unsolved questions of h.a., which can be a matter of future investigations, are presented in addition with a classification of trees behaviour under drought conditions. To end, an appendix recalls the notions of water potential, pressure and tension.hydraulic architecture / cohesion-tension theory / summer embolism / winter embolism / drought resistance Résumé -Architecture hydraulique des arbres : concepts principaux et résultats. Sans aucun doute, depuis une vingtaine d'années, l'architecture hydraulique (a.h.) est devenue une approche majeure dans le domaine des relations plantes-eau (et particulièrement pour les arbres). Cette revue présente les principaux concepts et résultats concernant l'a.h. Après un bref paragraphe sur la définition de l'a.h., les caractéristiques qualitatives et quantitatives définissant l'a.h. sont passées en revue. À cette occasion le « pipe model » est discuté du point de vue de l'a.h. La seconde partie commence avec le concept central d'embolie et continue avec une présentation des principaux résultats et questions touchant l'embolie estivale et l'embolie hivernale. La dernière partie analyse le « couplage » entre les conductances hydraulique et stomatique. Il y est discuté des relations théoriques et expérimentales entre la transpiration et le potentiel hydrique foliaire durant la mise en place d'une sécheresse progressive du sol, de l'augmentation de la résistance sol-racines et de ses conséquences en terme de vulnérabilité du xylème, des facteurs contrôlant la transpiration maximale journalière et de quelle manière les stomates peuvent prévenir l'emballement de l'embolie. La conclusion fait état de différentes questions non résolues, qui pourraient faire l'objet de recherches futures et esquisse une classification du comportement des arbres vis-à-vis de la sécheresse. Pour finir, un appendice rappelle les notions de potentiel hydrique, de pression et de tension.architecture hydraulique / théorie de la cohé...

show abstract

“…In English walnut, root pressures were generated at temperatures above 15°C in autumn and spring, while stem pressures were involved at temperatures below 5°C in winter (Ewers et al 2001). The greatest root pressures tend to occur in spring to help remove winter embolism that may have occurred in xylem vessels.…”

Section: Acclimation To Freezing Temperatures and Embolism Recoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Walnut (Juglans spp.) ecophysiology in response to environmental stresses and potential acclimation to climate change

Gauthier

Jacobs

2011

Annals of Forest Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Context Walnuts (Juglans spp.) are ecologically and commercially important trees, yet synthesis of past and current research findings on walnut ecophysiology is lacking, especially in terms of potential acclimation to climate change.• Aims This study aims to (1) investigate walnut ecophysiology by comparing its attributes to associated deciduous angiosperms, (2) address potential acclimation of walnut to climate change, and (3) identify areas for prioritization in future research.• Results There is considerable uncertainty regarding the magnitude of potential effects of climate change on walnut. Some studies tend to indicate walnut could be negatively impacted by climate change, while others do not. Walnut may be at a disadvantage due to its susceptibility to drought and frost injury in current growing regions given the projected increases in temperature and extreme climatic events. Other regions that are currently considered cold for walnut growth may see increased establishment and growth depending upon the rate of temperature increase and the frequency and severity of extreme climatic events.• Conclusion Research investigating a combination of environmental factors, such as temperature, carbon dioxide, ozone, water, and nitrogen is needed to (1) better project climate change effects on walnut and (2) develop management strategies for walnut acclimation and adaptation to climate change.

show abstract

Seasonal variation in xylem pressure of walnut trees: root and stem pressures

Cited by 81 publications

References 32 publications

Embolism resistance as a key mechanism to understand adaptive plant strategies

Embolism resistance as a key mechanism to understand adaptive plant strategies

Hydraulic architecture of trees: main concepts and results

Walnut (Juglans spp.) ecophysiology in response to environmental stresses and potential acclimation to climate change

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About