Seasonal Variation of Provitamin D2 and Vitamin D2 in Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)

Jäpelt, Rie Bak; Didion, Thomas; Smedsgaard, Jørn; Jakobsen, Jette

doi:10.1021/jf202503c

Cited by 40 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…These values are comparable with mean ERG content of 3.8 and 13.1 mg kg -1 DM reported for several grasses cut in June and July, respectively (Skládanka et al 2011) but considerably lower than those in Table 4 determined between October and January by the HPLC method. Also in the Danish report (Jäpelt et al 2011a), ERG contents increased under environmental conditions favourable for the growth of moulds, namely at higher humidity and lower temperature. Overall, perennial ryegrass and probably other grasses seem to be a considerable source of ERG for ruminants.…”

Section: Ergosterol In Herbagementioning

confidence: 93%

“…Most publications on vitamin D 2 in grass and hay date back 50-80 years (Jäpelt et al 2011a and literature cited therein). Nevertheless, these data should be perceived with caution.…”

Section: Ergosterol In Herbagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, a decreasing ambient temperature decreases mycotoxin formation while enhancing ERG production. Jäpelt et al (2011a) took into consideration animal requirements for ERG. They determined, using LC-MS/MS method, changes in ERG and vitamin D 2 content in four cuts between June and November under Danish conditions in six varieties of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) during the first year after sowing.…”

Section: Ergosterol In Herbagementioning

confidence: 99%

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Carotenoids, ergosterol and tocopherols in fresh and preserved herbage and their transfer to bovine milk fat and adipose tissues: A review

Kalač

2012

Journal of Agrobiology

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The requirements of cattle for the fat-soluble vitamins A, D and E, their provitamins and some carotenoids have increased under conditions of intensive husbandry with insufficient provision of fresh forage, their cheapest natural source. Moreover, bovine milk fat and adipose tissues participate in the intake of these micronutrients by humans. Four major carotenoids occurring in forage crops are lutein, all-trans-β-carotene, zeaxanthin and epilutein. Fresh forage is their richest source. Losses are significantly higher in hay as compared with silage, particularly if prepared from unwilted herbage. Maize silage is a poor source of carotenoids as compared with ensiled grasses and legumes. Ergosterol contents in forages increase under environmental conditions favourable for the growing of moulds, particularly at higher humidity and lower temperatures. Credible data on changes of ergosterol during herbage preservation, particularly drying and ensiling, have been lacking. Alpha-tocopherol is the most important among eight related compounds marked as vitamin E. It is vulnerable to oxidation and herbage ensiling is thus a safer preservation method than haymaking. As with carotenoids, maize silage is a poor source of α-tocopherol. Overall, information on factors affecting the content of ergosterol and tocopherols in fresh herbage, on changes during forage preservation and on transfer to bovine fats has been much more limited than data for β-carotene.

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Section: Ergosterol In Herbagementioning

confidence: 93%

“…Most publications on vitamin D 2 in grass and hay date back 50-80 years (Jäpelt et al 2011a and literature cited therein). Nevertheless, these data should be perceived with caution.…”

Section: Ergosterol In Herbagementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ergosterol In Herbagementioning

confidence: 99%

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Carotenoids, ergosterol and tocopherols in fresh and preserved herbage and their transfer to bovine milk fat and adipose tissues: A review

Kalač

2012

Journal of Agrobiology

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“…The assumption at that time was that the antirachitic activity was due to vitamin D 2 produced from ergosterol (Newlander and Riddell, 1952). Later vitamin D 2 was identified in crops using chemical methods (Horst et al, 1984; Jäpelt et al, 2011a). Horst et al (1984) analyzed sun-cured field grown alfalfa using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detection and found 48 μg vitamin D 2 /kg.…”

Section: Vitamin D2 In Plant Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D in plants: a review of occurrence, analysis, and biosynthesis

Jäpelt¹,

Jakobsen²

2013

Front. Plant Sci.

Self Cite

244

147

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The major function of vitamin D in vertebrates is maintenance of calcium homeostasis, but vitamin D insufficiency has also been linked to an increased risk of hypertension, autoimmune diseases, diabetes, and cancer. Therefore, there is a growing awareness about vitamin D as a requirement for optimal health. Vitamin D3 is synthesized in the skin by a photochemical conversion of provitamin D3, but the necessary rays are only emitted all year round in places that lie below a 35° latitude. Unfortunately, very few food sources naturally contain vitamin D and the general population as a results fail to meet the requirements. Fish have the highest natural content of vitamin D expected to derive from an accumulation in the food chain originating from microalgae. Microalgae contain both vitamin D3 and provitamin D3, which suggests that vitamin D3 exist in the plant kingdom and vitamin D3 has also been identified in several plant species as a surprise to many. The term vitamin D also includes vitamin D2 that is produced in fungi and yeasts by UVB-exposure of provitamin D2. Small amounts can be found in plants contaminated with fungi and traditionally only vitamin D2 has been considered present in plants. This review summarizes the current knowledge on sterol biosynthesis leading to provitamin D. It also addresses the occurrence of vitamin D and its hydroxylated metabolites in higher plants and in algae and discusses limitations and advantages of analytical methods used in studies of vitamin D and related compounds including recent advances in analytical technologies. Finally, perspectives for a future production of vitamin D biofortified fruits, vegetables, and fish will be presented.

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“…Although the brand and approximative amount of pellets offered to rabbits were recorded, calculating the amount of dietary vitamin D eaten by rabbits was beyond the scope of the present study. Variations in nutritional value of hay [28][29][30] and the selective feeding habits of rabbits [31] would have resulted in too much imprecision regarding the input of dietary vitamin D.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lack of Association between Exposure to Natural Sunlight and Dental Disease in French Companion Rabbits

Thilliez¹,

Larrat²,

Vergneau‐Grosset³

2017

J Vet Med Surg

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Seasonal Variation of Provitamin D₂ and Vitamin D₂ in Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)

Cited by 40 publications

References 29 publications

Carotenoids, ergosterol and tocopherols in fresh and preserved herbage and their transfer to bovine milk fat and adipose tissues: A review

Carotenoids, ergosterol and tocopherols in fresh and preserved herbage and their transfer to bovine milk fat and adipose tissues: A review

Vitamin D in plants: a review of occurrence, analysis, and biosynthesis

Lack of Association between Exposure to Natural Sunlight and Dental Disease in French Companion Rabbits

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