Seasonal variations in vertical migration of glacier lanternfish, Benthosema glaciale

Dypvik, Eivind; Røstad, Anders; Kaartvedt, Stein

doi:10.1007/s00227-012-1953-2

Cited by 41 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 79 publications

(177 reference statements)

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“…Most studies have focused on the more accessible fjord populations of fish and plankton, addressing Frontiers in Marine Science | www.frontiersin.orgspecific issues related to predator prey interactions and diel vertical migration (Falk-Petersen et al, 2004;Kaartvedt et al, 2008;Berge et al, 2009Berge et al, , 2014Dypvik et al, 2012). The current study is to our knowledge one of very few that incorporates biological and acoustic data from a larger part of the epipelagic and the mesopelagic zone (200-1,000 m depth), in the Northern North Atlantic on the boundary to the Arctic Ocean.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Latitude Epipelagic and Mesopelagic Scattering Layers—A Reference for Future Arctic Ecosystem Change

et al. 2017

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Scattering structures, including deep (>200 m) scattering layers are common in most oceans, but have not previously been properly documented in the Arctic Ocean. In this work, we combine acoustic data for distribution and abundance estimation of zooplankton and fish with biological sampling from the region west and north of Svalbard, to examine high latitude meso-and epipelagic scattering layers and their biological constituents. Our results show that typically, there was strong patchy scattering in the upper part of the epipelagic zone (<50 m) throughout the area. It was mainly dominated by copepods, krill, and amphipods in addition to 0-group fish that were particularly abundant west of the Spitsbergen Archipelago. Off-shelf there was a distinct deep scattering layer (DSL) between 250 and 600 m containing a range of larger longer lived organisms (mesopelagic fish and macrozooplankton). In eastern Fram Strait, the DSL also included and was in fact dominated by larger fish close to the shelf/slope break that were associated with Warm Atlantic Water moving north toward the Arctic Ocean, but switched to dominance by species having weaker scattering signatures further offshore. The Weighted Mean Depths of the DSL were deeper (WMD > 440 m) in the Arctic habitat north of Svalbard compared to those south in the Fram Strait west of Svalbard (WMD ∼400 m). The surface integrated backscatter [Nautical Area-Scattering Coefficient, NASC, s A (m 2 nmi −2 )] was considerably lower in the waters around Svalbard compared to the more southern regions (62-69 • N). Also, the integrated DSL nautical area scattering coefficient was a factor of ∼6-10 lower around Svalbard compared to the areas in the south-eastern part of the Norwegian Sea ∼62 • 30 ′ N. The documented patterns and structures, particularly the DSL and its constituents, will be key reference points for understanding and quantifying future changes in the pelagic ecosystem at the entrance to the Arctic Ocean.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Latitude Epipelagic and Mesopelagic Scattering Layers—A Reference for Future Arctic Ecosystem Change

et al. 2017

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“…More importantly, increased prey availability likely attracts greater numbers of micronekton fish to the seamount. As zooplankton becomes scarcer in upper layers in late summer and autumn, due to the decline in primary production and to predation, but also because some species descend to mid-waters to overwinter, several mesopelagic fishes, including myctophids, restrain from migrating to the surface at night (Dypvik et al, 2012 and references therein). Density of migrant micronekton fish above the seamount summits will therefore decrease, following the decrease in zooplankton biomass after the spring-early summer peak.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistent Enhancement of Micronekton Backscatter at the Summits of Seamounts in the Azores

et al. 2017

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Knowledge of the dynamics of micronekton at seamounts is critical to understanding the ecological role of these ecosystems. Active acoustic techniques are an effective tool to monitor the distribution and movements of pelagic organisms. We carried out several day-and nighttime active acoustic surveys over a 3-year period (2009)(2010)(2011) to characterize the spatial and temporal distribution of micronekton backscatter on two seamounts (Condor and Gigante) in the Azores and in the surrounding open-waters. The highest mean volume backscattering strength (MVBS) was consistently found in the water column over the seamount summits, regardless of the season and diel period. MVBS over the summits was 14-26 times higher than over the slopes, and 10 times higher than in open-waters. Diel variations in backscatter intensity were more pronounced in open-waters and in Gigante seamount, with higher values during the day in open-waters, and at night over the summits and slopes of Gigante. Over Condor seamount, diel changes in backscatter intensity were small, but MVBS was generally higher at night than during the day, as in Gigante. Persistence of strong acoustic backscatter over the summits of Condor and Gigante seamounts is a key finding of this study and may be explained by the presence of a seamount-associated micronekton community and by the retention of vertically migrating micronekton. The latter hypothesis is consistent with observed day-night differences in backscatter, suggesting that nocturnal migrants may be passively transported or actively swim above seamount summits and slopes. Possible physical mechanisms leading to the observed patterns in micronekton distribution are discussed. This study contributes to a better understanding of how seamounts may influence the spatial and temporal dynamics of micronekton assemblages.

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“…Two mesopelagic fish species prevail in Masfjorden: Maurolicus muelleri dominates in the upper 200 m, while Benthosema glaciale is mostly distributed below 200 m and is the prevailing species below ~250 m (Kaartvedt et al 2009, Staby et al 2011, Dypvik et 2012. Both species to a varying degree carry out DVM, depending on season (Kaartvedt et al 2009, Staby et al 2011, Dypvik et 2012.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient trawl avoidance by mesopelagic fishes causes large underestimation of their biomass

Kaartvedt¹,

Staby²,

Aksnes³

2012

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

273

170

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Mesopelagic fishes occur in all the world's oceans, but their abundance and consequently their ecological significance remains uncertain. The current global estimate based on net sampling prior to 1980 suggests a global abundance of one gigatonne (10 9 t) wet weight. Here we report novel evidence of efficient avoidance of such sampling by the most common myctophid fish in the Northern Atlantic, i.e. Benthosema glaciale. We reason that similar avoidance of nets may explain consistently higher acoustic abundance estimates of mesopelagic fish from different parts of the world's oceans. It appears that meso pelagic fish abundance may be underestimated by one order of magnitude, suggesting that the role of mesopelagic fish in the oceans might need to be revised. KEY WORDS: Mesopelagic fish · Avoidance behavior · Trawling · Acoustics Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherMesopelagic fishes show efficient avoidance behavior in response to sampling gears.

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Seasonal variations in vertical migration of glacier lanternfish, Benthosema glaciale

Cited by 41 publications

References 79 publications

High Latitude Epipelagic and Mesopelagic Scattering Layers—A Reference for Future Arctic Ecosystem Change

High Latitude Epipelagic and Mesopelagic Scattering Layers—A Reference for Future Arctic Ecosystem Change

Persistent Enhancement of Micronekton Backscatter at the Summits of Seamounts in the Azores

Efficient trawl avoidance by mesopelagic fishes causes large underestimation of their biomass

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