Seasonal variations of atmospheric heterocyclic aromatic amines in Beijing, China

Dong, Xueling; Liu, Dameng; Gao, Shaopeng

doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.09.010

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Furthermore, as an important greenhouse gas, it absorbed surface radiation, altering the thermal balance of the atmosphere, which finally affected haze formation. RH in autumn was much higher than winter (Dong et al, 2013). It highly increased the rate of secondary reaction and hygroscopic growth.…”

Section: Y R Yang Et Al: Characteristics and Formation Mechanism Omentioning

confidence: 92%

Characteristics and formation mechanism of continuous hazes in China: a case study during the autumn of 2014 in the North China Plain

et al. 2015

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Abstract. Four extreme haze episodes occurred in October 2014 in the North China Plain (NCP). To clarify the formation mechanism of hazes in autumn, strengthened observations were conducted in Beijing from 5 October to 2 November. The meteorological parameters, satellite data, chemical compositions and optical properties of aerosols were obtained. The hazes originated from the NCP, developing in the southwest and northeast directions, with the highest concentration of PM2.5 of 469 μg m−3 in Beijing. The NCP was dominated by a weak high pressure system during the haze episode, which resulted in low surface wind speed and relatively stagnant weather. Moreover, the wind slowed down around Beijing city. The secondary aerosols NO3− was always higher than that of SO42−, which indicated the motor vehicles played a more important part in the hazes in October 2014, even though the oxidation rate from SO2 to SO42− was faster than that of NOx to NO3−. Sudden increases of the concentrations of organic matter, Cl− and BC (black carbon) before each haze episode implied that regional transport of pollutants by biomass burning was important for haze formation during autumn. A satellite map of fire points and the backward trajectories of the air masses also indicated this pollution source. The distinct decrease in the PBL (planetary boundary layer) height during four haze episodes restrained the vertical dispersion of the air pollutants. Water vapor also played a vital role in the formation of hazes by accelerating the chemical transformation of secondary pollutants, leading to hygroscopic growth of aerosols and altering the thermal balance of the atmosphere.

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Section: Y R Yang Et Al: Characteristics and Formation Mechanism Omentioning

confidence: 92%

Characteristics and formation mechanism of continuous hazes in China: a case study during the autumn of 2014 in the North China Plain

et al. 2015

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“…Because many kinds of PAHs and NPAHs are mutagenic toward S. typhimurium YG1024 with and without S9 mix, respectively, these chemicals may have contributed to the mutagenicity of the extract from TSP examined in the present study. Dong et al 29) detected six mutagenic/carcinogenic heterocyclic aromatic amines, such as 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenyl-imidazo [4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), in airborne particles collected at urban sites in Beijing from March 2005 to January 2006, and speculated that combustion aerosols emitted from cooking, coal, and petroleum were the source of these chemicals in the atmosphere. Because these heterocyclic aromatic amines are formed by combustion of organic matter and show potent mutagenicity toward S. typhimurium YG1024 with S9 mix, these chemicals may have been present in the samples collected in the present study and have affected the mutagenicity in some extent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Air Pollution in Metropolises in China (Beijing) and Japan (Osaka and Nagoya) on the Basis of the Levels of Contaminants and Mutagenicity

Coulibaly

Minami

Abe

et al. 2016

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Public concern regarding the transport of air pollutants from mainland East Asia to the leeward area by the prevailing westerlies in spring and winter monsoon has been growing in recent years. We collected total suspended particle (TSP) in Beijing, a metropolis of China located windward of Japan, in spring (late February 2011-May 2011) and in winter (November 2012-early February 2013), then analyzed metals, ions, and organic compounds and mutagenicity, and compared the pollution levels with samples collected at two Japanese metropolises (Osaka and Nagoya) during the same periods. The medians of concentration of TSP and other factors in Beijing were much larger than those in the Japanese metropolises. Especially, the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were remarkably high in Beijing in winter, and the median of total PAHs concentration in Beijing was 62-63 times larger than that in the Japanese sites. The mutagenicity of TSP from Beijing toward Salmonella typhimurium YG1024, with and without a mammalian metabolic system (S9 mix), was 13-25 times higher than that from the Japanese sites in winter. These results suggest that air pollution levels in Beijing are very high compared with those at the two Japanese metropolises we evaluated. The diagnostic ratios of PAHs and nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs) suggest that the major sources of PAHs and NPAHs in Beijing are different from those at the two Japanese sites in winter, and that the major source in Beijing is coal/biomass combustion.

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“…e maximum wind speed in the spring exceeds 12 m/s, and the larger wind speed is beneficial to the diffusion of pollutants. However, when dust storms occur, larger wind speeds can also lead to an increase in PM 2.5 concentrations [32]. Conversely, lower wind speed is not conducive to the diffusion of pollutants but makes the mixing of pollutants more adequate and provides conditions for secondary reactions of particulate matter, which intensifies the increase of particulate matter concentration [33].…”

Section: Meteorological Conditions and Pollutant Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between the Formation of PM2.5 and Meteorological Factors in Northern China: The Periodic Characteristics of Wavelet Analysis

Meng

Sun

2021

Advances in Meteorology

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China’s rapid urbanisation and industrialisation have led to frequent haze in China in recent years. Although many measures to control haze have been implemented, no significant improvement has been observed, and haze still exists. In this study, we used wavelet transform to investigate the changes in PM2.5 on the time scale, the relationship amongst meteorological factors, and the causes and changes in haze formation and take measures to prevent haze. Results indicated the following: (1) The peak of PM2.5 changes in winter in the past three years primarily occurred in the range from 11:00 to 13:00 and 20:00 to 22:00. (2) Multiple cycles of daily average PM2.5 concentrations existed in 3–5 d, 6–14 d, 6–21 d, and 16–27 d, with a significant oscillation in 6–14 d and stable cycle characteristics. (3) The meteorological factors promoted the formation of haze to a certain extent. When haze occurred, the near-surface wind speed was only 1 m/s, which was not conducive to the spread of pollutants. (4) The formation of haze was affected by the interaction of various factors; the photochemical reactions of NO2 and O3 also exacerbated the formation of pollutants. This study provided a clear direction for the prevention and prediction of haze. Furthermore, the government must take relevant measures to reduce pollutant emissions and ensure the air quality of cities in winter.

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Seasonal variations of atmospheric heterocyclic aromatic amines in Beijing, China

Cited by 18 publications

References 57 publications

Characteristics and formation mechanism of continuous hazes in China: a case study during the autumn of 2014 in the North China Plain

Characteristics and formation mechanism of continuous hazes in China: a case study during the autumn of 2014 in the North China Plain

Comparison of Air Pollution in Metropolises in China (Beijing) and Japan (Osaka and Nagoya) on the Basis of the Levels of Contaminants and Mutagenicity

Relationship between the Formation of PM2.5 and Meteorological Factors in Northern China: The Periodic Characteristics of Wavelet Analysis

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