Understanding tourism carbon emissions and their influencing factors from the perspective of industrial linkages can inform policy-making in the development of sustainable tourism. Based on a combination of the environmental input–output (I-O) model and structural decomposition analysis, this article develops a novel framework for analyzing the industrial linkage pathways of China’s carbon emissions linked to tourism and identifying the driving factors affecting change in carbon emissions embodied in the supply chain. Results reveal that most carbon emissions linked to China’s broad-sense or narrow-sense tourism industry derive from some critical upstream industries, that is, indirect carbon emissions resulting from the intermediate production processes. Significant differences exist in the industrial linkage pathways of carbon emissions between tourism subsectors; thus, emission reduction policies for the broad-sense or narrow-sense tourism industry should be formulated based on these key interindustrial linkage pathways. The direct energy consumption intensity effect and energy structure effect are beneficial to carbon emission reduction, while the I-O structure effect reverses the effect on carbon emission reduction from negative to positive.

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China’s rapid urbanisation and industrialisation have led to frequent haze in China in recent years. Although many measures to control haze have been implemented, no significant improvement has been observed, and haze still exists. In this study, we used wavelet transform to investigate the changes in PM2.5 on the time scale, the relationship amongst meteorological factors, and the causes and changes in haze formation and take measures to prevent haze. Results indicated the following: (1) The peak of PM2.5 changes in winter in the past three years primarily occurred in the range from 11:00 to 13:00 and 20:00 to 22:00. (2) Multiple cycles of daily average PM2.5 concentrations existed in 3–5 d, 6–14 d, 6–21 d, and 16–27 d, with a significant oscillation in 6–14 d and stable cycle characteristics. (3) The meteorological factors promoted the formation of haze to a certain extent. When haze occurred, the near-surface wind speed was only 1 m/s, which was not conducive to the spread of pollutants. (4) The formation of haze was affected by the interaction of various factors; the photochemical reactions of NO2 and O3 also exacerbated the formation of pollutants. This study provided a clear direction for the prevention and prediction of haze. Furthermore, the government must take relevant measures to reduce pollutant emissions and ensure the air quality of cities in winter.

<p>In recent years, China's industrialization and urbanization have accelerated, generating high emissions of pollutants every year, which has significantly deteriorated the air quality of Chinese cities and threatened public health and the happiness of urban residents. More and more studies have shown that several megacities in China and more and more cities have experienced more severe smog pollution. The occurrence of haze seriously affects the healthy development of human beings, so the research on haze should be vigorously promoted. Although many studies have made considerable progress in the research of smog in recent years, there is no systematic and comprehensive assessment method. But scholars have not stopped the pace of research.This study takes Weinan City, Shaanxi, China as the research object, The paper describes the formation mechanism of haze and the combined effects of emission sources, chemical aerosol material formation and transformation, meteorology and climatic conditions. The mechanism of haze formation is relatively complicated. Aerosols are widely used in the research of haze composition.Organic aerosols have a very important impact on the Earth's radiation, visibility and air quality on a global scale. However, the formation of secondary pollution makes this process more complicated. Secondary organic aerosols (SOA), free radicals that form volatile organic compounds and particles with ozone (O3), hydroxyl (OH) and nitrate (NO3) and artificial volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are considered organic gases One of the most important components of sol. In the past few decades, many studies have been conducted to study the formation of SOA. However, due to the complex formation mechanism of SOA, no further reason has been clarified.The reasons for the formation of haze are more complicated. For the true solution of the haze problem is still the key for our scholars to solve in the future, the government should also formulate corresponding measures to reduce the early discharge of pollutants, control the haze from the source, in short A long way to go requires joint efforts from everyone.</p><p>Keywords:Haze  Aerosol  Meteorological conditions  Weinan</p>

Heavy pollution in North China has attracted extensive attention in recent decades, and numerous studies have been conducted in developed regions, while studies on the heavily polluted Fenwei Plain in Northwest China are still scarce. In this study, we analyzed the continuous air pollution records of Weinan city on the Fenwei Plain from 2016 to 2020 to provide specific prevention and control strategies for the region. From 2016 to 2020, pollutant concentrations showed an overall decreasing trend, with a slight increase in O3 concentration. The study found that during the COVID-19 lockdown period, O3 was also significantly affected by the lockdown policy. During the prevailing COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, anthropogenic emissions were reduced due to restraints on commercial and social activities. NO2 responds sensitively during COVID-19, and PM2.5 has a delayed response. We applied pathway analysis to investigate the contribution of different pollutants and meteorology to PM2.5. The results show that CO and NO2 have the largest positive comprehensive effect, while wind speed and temperature have the largest negative comprehensive effect. Spearman’s correlation analysis shows that NO2 contributes significantly to O3 production in different AQI ranges. We advocate that the NOx should be given more attention and become the new focus of air control.