Seasonal Variations of Precipitation Properties Associated with the Monsoon over Palau in the Western Pacific

Abstract

In this study, the authors focused on the seasonal variations of precipitation properties over the western Pacific, particularly those associated with the wind direction of the monsoon. An observational project over Peleliu Island in the Republic of Palau was carried out, and data on precipitation, equivalent cloud amount, and precipitable water were collected from 28 June 2001 to 30 April 2002. First, the monsoon season over Palau was defined as a period with 850-hPa zonal-wind sounding data with sustained winds exceeding 5 m s−1. The westerly wind regime continued until 25 November 2001, and the next westerly wind regime began on 18 May 2002. The equivalent cloud amount increased during the period when the westerly wind intensified. The precipitation had a diurnal variation in the active phase of the westerly wind regime, increasing from nighttime to early morning and decreasing in the afternoon. The diurnal variation was weak in the inactive phase and had a lesser afternoon maximum. Precipitation intensity was high and its duration was short during the westerly wind regime. The precipitable water decreased during the easterly wind regime when a dry period appeared, and precipitation was also suppressed during those days. However, there was little difference between the precipitation amounts of the westerly and easterly wind regimes. The equivalent cloud amount did not decrease as the zonal-wind direction changed to easterlies during the easterly wind regime. The authors noticed no diurnal variation of precipitation during the easterly wind regime. These differences in the precipitation properties during westerlies and easterlies may be related to the seasonal variation of humidity in the environment.

Interannual Rainfall Variability over the Eastern Maritime Continent

“…Southeasterly wind becomes strong over the Banda Sea and Arafura Sea from June in climatology. It is associated with the seasonal wind over the western North Pacific monsoon including Koror of Palau (Murakami and Matsumoto 1994;Kubota et al 2005). Strong wind area spreads to north of the equator through the Molocca Strait and Halmahera Sea and turns southwesterly.…”

Tropical cyclone influence on the long-term variability of Philippine summer monsoon onset

“…Some studies (Tanaka 1992;Lau and Yang 1997;Wang and LinHo 2002) used satellite data of outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) to define an index of convective activity. Kubota et al (2005) used satellite-based wind data to identify the change of wind direction to define the monsoon onset. These studies determined that the Philippine summer monsoon starts around May to early June with the arrival of moist low-level westerly wind and the start of active convection in climatology.…”

Intraseasonal Variability of δ¹⁸O of Precipitation over the Indonesian Maritime Continent Related to the Madden–Julian Oscillation

“…Op and TPW during the MJO event suggested that seasonal and interannual variability possibly have more dominant effects because of the geographic position and topographic condition (e.g., Kubota et al 2005Kubota et al , 2011.…”