Seasonality of acarological risk of exposure to Borrelia miyamotoi from questing life stages of Ixodes scapularis collected from Wisconsin and Massachusetts, USA

Han, Seungeun; Hickling, Graham J.; Ogden, Nicholas H.; Ginsberg, Howard S.; Kobbekaduwa, Vishvapali; Rulison, Eric L.; Béati, Lorenza; Tsao, Jean I.

doi:10.1016/j.ttbdis.2020.101556

Cited by 11 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Fewer studies have been performed on the range of B. miyamotoi. A 2010-2012 study of ticks collected from Cape Cod found that 2.8% of female, adult ticks were infected with B. miyamotoi [40], which is similar to the percentage of adult ticks in the current study. Risks for tick-borne diseases are even higher when considering all four pathogens, as almost 10% of human-biting I. scapularis were positive for multiple pathogens.…”

Section: Human-biting Ticks and Prevalence Of Pathogenssupporting

confidence: 87%

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Passive Surveillance of Human-Biting Ixodes scapularis Ticks in Massachusetts from 2015–2019

Sack

Naumova

Price

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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This study aimed to analyze human-biting Ixodes scapularis ticks submitted to TickReport tick testing service from 2015–2019 in Massachusetts to (1) examine possible patterns of pathogen-positive adult and nymphal ticks over time and (2) explore how socioeconomic factors can influence tick submissions. A passive surveillance data set of ticks and tick-borne pathogens was conducted over 5 years (2015–2019) in Massachusetts. The percentages of four tick-borne pathogens: Borrelia burgdorferi, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Babesia microti, and Borrelia miyamotoi were determined by Massachusetts county and by month and year. Regression models were used to examine the association between zip-code-level socioeconomic factors and submissions. A total of 13,598 I. scapularis ticks were submitted to TickReport from Massachusetts residents. The infection rate of B. burgdorferi, A. phagocytophilum, and B. microti was 39%, 8%, and 7% in adult ticks; 23%, 6%, and 5% in nymphal ticks, respectively. A relatively higher level of education was associated with high tick submission. Passive surveillance of human-biting ticks and associated pathogens is important for monitoring tick-borne diseases, detecting areas with potentially high risks, and providing public information. Socioeconomic factors should be considered to produce more generalizable passive surveillance data and to target potentially underserved areas.

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Section: Human-biting Ticks and Prevalence Of Pathogenssupporting

confidence: 87%

“…The exposure pattern for human-biting I. scapularis ticks followed the two seasonal peaks that are seen in field studies in the study area [40,41]. Adult submissions form two peaks with the nymphs forming a single peak [41].…”

Section: Human-biting Ticks and Prevalence Of Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 71%

Passive Surveillance of Human-Biting Ixodes scapularis Ticks in Massachusetts from 2015–2019

Sack

Naumova

Price

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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“…These timepoints were chosen for two reasons: First, P. leucopus have a median lifespan of ~6 months in nature [10], and thus using 2-3 month-old P. leucopus and monitoring their infection for an additional 13 weeks likely captures all the physiologically relevant stages of rodent development. Second, the spring I. scapularis nymphal peak when many P. leucopus first get infected and the summer larval peak where larvae can acquire the infection are separated by about 1-3 months [21][22][23], and thus this captures the most important period of time that B. burgdorferi must exist in P. leucopus during the enzootic cycle.…”

Section: Examining B Burgdorferi and P Leucopus Interactions Over Timementioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative reservoir competence ofPeromyscus leucopus, C57BL/6J, and C3H/HeN forBorrelia burgdorferiB31

Bourgeois,

You,

Clendenen

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The Lyme disease spirocheteBorrelia burgdorferidrives a range of acute and chronic maladies in humans and other incidental hosts infected with the pathogen. However, a primary vertebrate reservoir,Peromyscus leucopusappears spared from any symptomology following infection. This has led to a common assumption thatP. leucopusandB. burgdorferiexist symbiotically:P. leucopusrestrain their immune response against the microbe and enable the enzootic cycle whileB. burgdorferiavoids causing damage to the host. While aspects of this hypothesis have been tested, the exact interactions that occur betweenP. leucopusandB. burgdorferiduring infection remain largely unknown. Here we compared infection ofP. leucopuswithB. burgdorferiwith infection of the traditionalB. burgdorferimurine models—C57BL/6J and C3H/HeNMus musculus, which develop signs of inflammation akin to human disease. We find that in contrast to our expectations,B. burgdorferiwere able to reach much higher burdens inM. musculus, and that the overall kinetics of infection differed between the two rodent species. Surprisingly, we also found thatP. leucopusremained infectious to larvalIxodes scapularisfor a far shorter period than eitherM. musculusstrain. In line with these observations, we found thatP. leucopusdoes launch a modest but sustained inflammatory response againstB. burgdorferiin the skin, which we hypothesize leads to reduced bacterial viability and infectivity in these hosts. These observations provide new insight into the nature of reservoir species and theB. burgdorferienzootic cycle.Author SummaryThe bacteria that causes Lyme disease,Borrelia burgdorferi, must alternate between infecting a vertebrate host—usually rodents or birds—and ticks. In order to be successful in that endeavor the bacteria must avoid being killed by the vertebrate host before it can infect a new larval tick. In this work we examine howB. burgdorferiand one of its primary vertebrate reservoirs,Peromyscus leucopus, interact during an experimental infection and find contrary to expectationsB. burgdorferiappear to colonize its natural host worse than conventional lab mouse models. These data question long-held assumptions aboutP. leucopusimmunology and could potentially serve as a foundation to uncover ways to disrupt the spread ofB. burgdorferiin nature.

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“…There is still much to learn about the intricacies of B. miyamotoi tick colonization and transmission. France I. ricinus [77,82,83] Germany I. ricinus [72,84] Ireland I. ricinus [85] Italy I. ricinus [72] Japan I. persulcatus [4], I. ovatus [86] Moldova I. ricinus [87] Mongolia I. persulcatus [86,88] Netherlands I. ricinus [72,77,89,90] Norway I. ricinus [91] Poland I. ricinus [92,93] Portugal I. ricinus [94] Russia I. persulcatus [95] Serbia I. ricinus [96] Slovakia I. ricinus [97,98] South Korea I. nipponensis [99] Spain I. ricinus [100] Sweden I. ricinus [63,72] Switzerland I. ricinus [101] Turkey I. ricinus [102] Ukraine I. ricinus [103] United Kingdom I. ricinus [72] United States I. scapularis [104] a adapted from Hoornstra et al 2022 [27] under creative commons license CC BY 4.0.…”

Section: Ticksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relapsing Review: A Research Update on <em>Borrelia miyamotoi</em>

Cleveland¹,

Anderson²,

Brissette³

2022

Preprint

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Borrelia miyamotoi is an emerging tick-borne pathogen in the Northern hemisphere and is the causative agent of Borrelia miyamotoi disease (BMD). B. miyamotoi is vectored by the same hard-bodied ticks as Lyme disease Borrelia, yet phylogenetically groups with relapsing fever Borrelia, and thus has been uniquely labeled a hard tick-borne relapsing fever Borrelia. Burgeoning research has uncovered new aspects of B. miyamotoi in human patients, nature, and the lab. Of particular interest are novel findings on disease pathology, prevalence, diagnostic methods, ecological maintenance, transmission, and genetic characteristics. Herein we review recent literature on B. miyamotoi, discuss how findings adapt to current Borrelia doctrines, and briefly consider what remains unknown about B. miyamotoi.

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Seasonality of acarological risk of exposure to Borrelia miyamotoi from questing life stages of Ixodes scapularis collected from Wisconsin and Massachusetts, USA

Cited by 11 publications

References 52 publications

Passive Surveillance of Human-Biting Ixodes scapularis Ticks in Massachusetts from 2015–2019

Passive Surveillance of Human-Biting Ixodes scapularis Ticks in Massachusetts from 2015–2019

Comparative reservoir competence ofPeromyscus leucopus, C57BL/6J, and C3H/HeN forBorrelia burgdorferiB31

Relapsing Review: A Research Update on <em>Borrelia miyamotoi</em>

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