Seasonality of cardiovascular risk factors: an analysis including over 230 000 participants in 15 countries

Martí-Soler, Helena; Gubelmann, Cédric; Aeschbacher, Stefanie; Alves, Luís Alberto Marques; Bobák, Martin; Bongard, Vanina; Clays, Els; Gaetano, Giovanni de; Castelnuovo, Augusto Di; Elosúa, Roberto; Ferrières, Jean; Guessous, Idris; Igland, Jannicke; Jørgensen, Torben; Nikitin, Yu. P.; O’Doherty, Mark G.; Palmieri, Luigi; Ramos, Rafael; Simons, Judith; Sulo, Gerhard; Vanuzzo, Diego; Vila, Joan; Barros, Henrique; Borglykke, Anders; Conen, David; Bacquer, Dirk De; Donfrancesco, Chiara; Gaspoz, Jean‐Michel; Giampaoli, Simona; Giles, Graham G.; Iacoviello, Licia; Kee, Frank; Kubínová, Růžena; Malyutina, Sofia; Marrugat, Jaume; Prescott, Eva; Ruidavets, Jean Bernard; Scragg, Robert; Simons, Leon A.; Tamošiūnas, Abdonas; Tell, Grethe S.; Vollenweider, Péter; Marques‐Vidal, Pedro

doi:10.1136/heartjnl-2014-305623

Cited by 132 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In particular, in the Northern Hemisphere, the estimated seasonal variations were 0.26 kg/m 2 for Body Mass Index, 0.6 cm for waist circumference, 0.02 mmol/L for triglycerides, 0.10 mmol/L for total cholesterol, 0.01 mmol/L for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, 0.11 mmol/L for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and 0.07 mmol/L for glycaemia. Similar seasonal variations were found in the Southern Hemisphere, with the exception of waist circumference, HDL and LDL cholesterol 6. Therefore, the resultant estimate of individual CV risk varied depending on the season.…”

supporting

confidence: 53%

“…The elegant study by Marti-Soler et al 6 shows that, beside systolic BP levels, which were, on average, 3.5 mm Hg lower in summer than in winter, other CV risk factor levels tended to be higher in winter and lower in summer. In particular, in the Northern Hemisphere, the estimated seasonal variations were 0.26 kg/m 2 for Body Mass Index, 0.6 cm for waist circumference, 0.02 mmol/L for triglycerides, 0.10 mmol/L for total cholesterol, 0.01 mmol/L for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, 0.11 mmol/L for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and 0.07 mmol/L for glycaemia.…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

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The hazard of rounding Cape Horn: is it changing?

Modesti

2014

Heart

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…he who goes the oftenest round Cape Horn goes the most circumspectly.Herman Melville, "White-Jacket", 1850Notwithstanding the range of strategies to help one cope with the cold weather, most countries experience mortalities in excess of 5-30% in winter, brought on mainly by cerebrovascular events. 1 This variability is mainly attributed to the population being able to keep themselves warm, both indoors and outdoors, necessitated by the mean cold temperature. Policies and measures to increase efficient use of energy indoors, coupled with advice to citizens suggesting to wear adequate warm protective clothing and to keep themselves active when out in the open, have been thus promoted. The elderly are aware of the risks, and traditionally perceive winter as a rounding of Cape Horn.Consequently, the result of exposure to acute cold may trigger vasoconstriction, with a rise in blood pressure (BP), and myocardial ischaemia in patients with coronary artery disease. This acute response is considered in all guidelines on BP measurement which recommend the importance of standardised room temperature when assessing BP values. However, a negative relationship between outdoor temperature and BP values was consistently observed even when measurements were taken in comfortably warm rooms. 2 In the French Three-City study 3 that prospectively investigated 8801 participants over the age of 65 years, average systolic BP was 5 mm Hg higher in winter than in summer. This variation was independent of anthropometric data and baseline BP values, but rather related to the subjects' age. Variations in BP were greater in subjects 80 years of age or older, than in younger participants. In the reanalysis of data collected in the World Health Organization Monica Project (monitoring trends and determinants in cardiovascular disease) risk factors surveys, 4 including 25 populations in 16 countries (115 434 participants aged 35-64 years) the effect of outdoor temperature remained after controlling for indoor temperature, as a 1°C increase in outdoor temperature reducing BP values by 0.14 mm Hg (95% Cl −0.23 to −0.05, adjusted for indoor temperature). Conversely, the effects of the winter season disappeared after controlling for outdoor temperature, suggesting that a major component of the seasonal change in BP was the direct result of temperature. 4 As physicians, we often have to deal with the effects of temperature in treating hypertensive patients even during summer, when we encounter the potential implications of falls or acute renal failure caused by a marked reduction in BP especially in the elderly. As a consequence, (although not considered in hypertension guidelines) physicians often resort to seasonal adaptation of antihypertensive drugs in their clinical practice.The influence of temperature, or at least seasonality, is conversely less considered in epidemiological studies investigating the burden of risk factors in populations. The importance of conducting an epidemiological study throughout a whole year, or at least to declare the...

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confidence: 53%

mentioning

confidence: 95%

The hazard of rounding Cape Horn: is it changing?

Modesti

2014

Heart

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“…Кроме того, в международном исследовании с уча-стием 230 000 участников в 15 странах показано, что сердечно-сосудистые факторы риска также характери-зируются сезонной вариабельностью и наиболее выра-жены зимой, что может быть одним из объяснений избыточной смертности в этот период [12].…”

Section: причины формирования избыточной смертности в зимний периодunclassified

Seasonal and Monthly Changes of Mortality in Russian Federation Regions With Different Climate and Geographic Variables

Kontsevaya¹,

Lukyanov²,

Khudyakov³

et al. 2014

Russ J Cardiol

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“…The incidence of type 2 diabetes has a seasonal pattern with a peak in March and a trough in August (127) . Moreover, healthy subjects possess a seasonal pattern in glycaemia with higher glucose levels in the winter (128)(129)(130)(131) and patients with type 2 diabetes have a seasonal pattern of increased HbA1c levels and resulting insulin requirements in the winter (132)(133)(134) . Secondary to direct effects of light exposure on glucose metabolism, these seasonal patterns may be partly explained by seasonal variations in temperature, levels of physical activity and food intake affecting body weight.…”

Section: Proceedings Of the Nutrition Societymentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition in the spotlight: metabolic effects of environmental light

et al. 2016

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Use of artificial light resulted in relative independence from the natural light-dark (LD) cycle, allowing human subjects to shift the timing of food intake and work to convenient times. However, the increase in artificial light exposure parallels the increase in obesity prevalence. Light is the dominant Zeitgeber for the central circadian clock, which resides within the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus, and coordinates daily rhythm in feeding behaviour and metabolism. Eating during inappropriate light conditions may result in metabolic disease via changes in the biological clock. In this review, we describe the physiological role of light in the circadian timing system and explore the interaction between the circadian timing system and metabolism. Furthermore, we discuss the acute and chronic effects of artificial light exposure on food intake and energy metabolism in animals and human subjects. We propose that living in synchrony with the natural daily LD cycle promotes metabolic health and increased exposure to artificial light at inappropriate times of day has adverse effects on metabolism, feeding behaviour and body weight regulation. Reducing the negative side effects of the extensive use of artificial light in human subjects might be useful in the prevention of metabolic disease.Artificial light: Circadian: Glucose metabolism: Obesity Changes in artificial light exposureObesity is an increasing health problem and is associated with the development of type 2 diabetes and CVD (1) . The pathophysiology of obesity is multifactorial, with the major contributions from overconsumption of highenergy highly palatable food and an inactive lifestyle (2) . One modern environmental factor that contributes to changes in eating behaviour is the widespread use of artificial light. The relative independence from the natural light-dark (LD) cycle, allows people to eat and engage in activities until late in the evening and at night. Artificial light has also led to an increase in nighttime sky glow and to the transformation of nightscapes. More than 99% of the US and EU population, and about two-thirds of the world population lives in areas where the night sky is illuminated above the threshold for light pollution (artificial sky brightness greater than 10% of the natural night sky brightness above 45°eleva-tion). Moreover, satellite data show that 70% of the US population and 50% of the European population can no longer see the Milky Way, even under the best conditions (3) . Cinzano et al. (3) calculated that only 40% of Americans live in a location where it becomes sufficiently dark at night for the human eye to make a complete transition from cone to rod vision. Despite the benefits for

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Seasonality of cardiovascular risk factors: an analysis including over 230 000 participants in 15 countries

Abstract: To assess the seasonality of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) in a large set of population-based studies

Cited by 132 publications

References 34 publications

The hazard of rounding Cape Horn: is it changing?

The hazard of rounding Cape Horn: is it changing?

Seasonal and Monthly Changes of Mortality in Russian Federation Regions With Different Climate and Geographic Variables

Nutrition in the spotlight: metabolic effects of environmental light

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