Seasonality of dimethylated sulfur compounds cycling in north China marginal seas

Mao, Shi-Hai; Zhuang, Guang‐Chao; Li, Xinwei; Jin, Na; Zhang, Honghai; Montgomery, Andrew; Liu, Xiting; Yang, Gui‐Peng

doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112635

Cited by 20 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Seasonal variation in BDSC concentrations were observed in the study area, especially obvious for DMS concentrations which were three times greater in summer than in spring. This is consistent with previous results based on time‐series measurements in both open ocean and coastal waters (Mao et al., 2021; Turner et al., 1996; Vila‐Costa et al., 2008). Ratios of DMSP p /Chl‐ a and DMS/Chl‐ a were calculated to indicate the strength of DMS and DMSP production by phytoplankton assemblage (Simó et al., 1997).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Previous investigations in the YS and the BS found a DMS flux of 8.40 μmol m −2 d −1 and an average DMS concentration of 6.0 nmol L −1 for a wind speed of 5.72 m s −1 in the spring (Mao et al., 2021). The same study found a flux of 11.87 μmol m −2 d −1 and an average DMS concentration of 7.4 nmol L −1 for a wind speed of 4.47 m s −1 in the summer.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

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Dimethylated Sulfur, Methane and Aerobic Methane Production in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea

Zhang

Tan

et al. 2023

JGR Oceans

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This paper presents a comprehensive study of biogenic dimethylated sulfur compounds and methane (CH4) from 27 March to 16 April 2018 (spring) and from 24 July to 10 August 2018 (summer) in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea. The overall distributions of dimethylsulfide (DMS), dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP, precursor of DMS), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO, oxidation product of DMS) and CH4 in surface waters were characterized by elevated concentrations in summer and in coastal waters, coupled to phytoplankton biomass and terrestrially sourced inputs. Surface waters were oversaturated with CH4. The flux distributions of DMS and CH4 were generally consistent with their concentration distributions. In situ incubation experiments revealed that microbial consumption was the main removal mechanism for DMS, which could remove up to 72.1% of the total DMS compared to sea‐to‐air exchange in the surface layer. High DMS release and enhanced DMS yields (34%‐62%) suggested more obvious influence from high DMSP concentrations (1 or 5 μm L‐1) on DMS production in oligotrophic waters with lower bacterial sulfur demand in contrast to near‐shore waters. Positive correlations were found between CH4 and DMSP (dissolved) in summer and DMSO (particulate and dissolved) in spring. A DMSP addition experiment suggested that DMSP could act as a precursor for aerobic methanogenesis, and CH4 preferentially occurs under nitrogen‐stressed conditions in the surface layers of the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Dimethylated Sulfur, Methane and Aerobic Methane Production in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea

Zhang

Tan

et al. 2023

JGR Oceans

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“…Although the DMSP cleavage pathway was also more active in the SML, the rapidly release of DMS from SML may lead to the observed similar DMS level in the SML and SSW. Seasonally, it is commonly reported the concentration of DMS or DMSP are higher in summer than in spring ( Jian et al, 2019 ; Mao et al, 2021 ), which is consistent with our findings that the concentrations of DMS and total DMSP in SML of the ECS in summer were more abundant than those in spring ( Supplementary Table 1 ; Sun et al, 2020 ). Additionally, the Chl a concentration of the ECS SML in summer was higher (~2.00-fold) than that in spring, reflecting the higher primary productivity and more active biological metabolism in summer, and this could be an explanation for the higher DMSP/DMS concentration in summer.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Highly active bacterial DMSP metabolism in the surface microlayer of the eastern China marginal seas

et al. 2023

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The microbial cycling of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and the resulting gaseous catabolites dimethylsulfide (DMS) or methylmercaptan (MeSH) play key roles in the global sulfur cycle and potentially climate regulation. As the ocean–atmosphere boundary, the sea surface microlayer (SML) is important for the generation and emission of DMS and MeSH. However, understanding of the microbial DMSP metabolism remains limited in the SML. Here, we studied the spatiotemporal differences for DMS/DMSP, bacterial community structure and the key bacterial DMSP metabolic genes between SML and subsurface seawater (SSW) samples in the eastern China marginal seas (the East China Sea and Yellow Sea). In general, DMSPd and DMSPt concentrations, and the abundance of total, free-living and particle-associated bacteria were higher in SML than that in SSW. DMSP synthesis (~7.81-fold for dsyB, ~2.93-fold for mmtN) and degradation genes (~5.38-fold for dmdA, ~6.27-fold for dddP) detected in SML were more abundant compared with SSW samples. Free-living bacteria were the main DMSP producers and consumers in eastern Chinese marginal sea. Regionally, the bacterial community structure was distinct between the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea. The abundance of DMSP metabolic genes (dsyB, dmdA, and dddP) and genera in the East China Sea were higher than those of the Yellow Sea. Seasonally, DMSP/DMS level and DMSP metabolic genes and bacteria were more abundant in SML of the East China Sea in summer than in spring. Different from those in spring, Ruegeria was the dominant DMSP metabolic bacteria. In conclusion, the DMSP synthesis and degradation showed significant spatiotemporal differences in the SML of the eastern China marginal seas, and were consistently more active in the SML than in the SSW.

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“…The red points (1022 valid measurements) represent the local DMS observation dataset (2011, 2013, 2015, 2016, and 2017) across several Chinese seas from China Ocean University. Details can be found in our previous studies (G.-P. Yang et al, 2014Xu et al, 2021;Zhai et al, 2020;Wu et al, 2020;Jian et al, 2019;Yu et al, 2019;Mao et al, 2021). The blue points (3329 valid measurements) represent the observations from the Global Surface Seawater DMS Database (http://saga.pmel.noaa.gov/dms/, last access: 1 May 2021).…”

Section: Machine Learning Estimates Of Sea-surface Dms Concentration ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulating the radiative forcing of oceanic dimethylsulfide (DMS) in Asia based on machine learning estimates

Zhao

Bilsback

et al. 2022

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Dimethylsulfide (DMS) emitted from seawater is a key precursor to new particle formation and acts as a regulator in Earth's warming climate system. However, DMS's effects are not well understood in various ocean regions. In this study, we estimated DMS emissions based on a machine learning method and used the GEOS-Chem global 3D chemical transport model coupled with the TwO Moment Aerosol Sectional (TOMAS) microphysics scheme to simulate the atmospheric chemistry and radiative effects of DMS. The contributions of DMS to atmospheric SO42- aerosol and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations along with the radiative effects over the Asian region were evaluated for the first time. First, we constructed novel monthly resolved DMS emissions (0.5∘×0.5∘) for the year 2017 using a machine learning model; 4351 seawater DMS measurements (including the recent measurements made over the Chinese seas) and 12 relevant environment parameters were selected for model training. We found that the model could predict the observed DMS concentrations with a correlation coefficient of 0.75 and fill the values in regions lacking observations. Across the Asian seas, the highest seasonal mean DMS concentration occurred in March–April–May (MAM), and we estimate the annual DMS emission flux of 1.25 Tg (S), which is equivalent to 15.4 % of anthropogenic sulfur emissions over the entire simulation domain (which covered most of Asia) in 2017. The model estimates of DMS and methane sulfonic acid (MSA), using updated DMS emissions, were evaluated by comparing them with cruise survey experiments and long-term online measurement site data. The improvement in model performance can be observed compared with simulation results derived from the global-database DMS emissions. The relative contributions of DMS to SO42- and CCN were higher in remote oceanic areas, contributing 88 % and 42 % of all sources, respectively. Correspondingly, the sulfate direct radiative forcing (DRF) and indirect radiative forcing (IRF) contributed by DMS ranged from −200 to −20 mW m−2 and from −900 to −100 mW m−2, respectively, with levels varying by season. The strong negative IRF is mainly over remote ocean regions (−900 to −600 mW m−2). Generally, the magnitude of IRF derived by DMS was twice as large as its DRF. This work provides insights into the source strength of DMS and the impact of DMS on climate and addresses knowledge gaps related to factors controlling aerosols in the marine boundary layer and their climate impacts.

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Seasonality of dimethylated sulfur compounds cycling in north China marginal seas

Cited by 20 publications

References 64 publications

Dimethylated Sulfur, Methane and Aerobic Methane Production in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea

Dimethylated Sulfur, Methane and Aerobic Methane Production in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea

Highly active bacterial DMSP metabolism in the surface microlayer of the eastern China marginal seas

Simulating the radiative forcing of oceanic dimethylsulfide (DMS) in Asia based on machine learning estimates

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