SECM characterization of Pt–Ru–WC and Pt–Ru–Co ternary thin film combinatorial libraries as anode electrocatalysts for PEMFC

Lu, Guojin; Cooper, James S.; McGinn, Paul J.

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.04.089

Cited by 69 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The enhanced catalytic activity may be due to a synergistic effect brought about by the interaction between Pt and metal carbide as it has been reported that carbide incorporation can enhance CO-tolerant activity for Pt. It can also be attributed to the weaker bonding between carbide and CO, which facilitates relatively easier desorption of CO from carbide surface [21]. Methanol oxidation activity is found to be in the following order: Pt-Ru/MoC > Pt-Ru/WC > Pt-Ru/C.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Durable Transition‐Metal‐Carbide‐Supported Pt–Ru Anodes for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

et al. 2012

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Molybdenum carbide (MoC) and tungsten carbide (WC) are synthesized by direct carbonization method. Pt–Ru catalysts supported on MoC, WC, and Vulcan XC‐72R are prepared, and characterized by X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy in conjunction with electrochemistry. Electrochemical activities for the catalysts towards methanol electro‐oxidation are studied by cyclic voltammetry. All the electro‐catalysts are subjected to accelerated durability test (ADT). The electrochemical activity of carbide‐supported electro‐catalysts towards methanol electro‐oxidation is found to be higher than carbon‐supported catalysts before and after ADT. The study suggests that Pt–Ru/MoC and Pt–Ru/WC catalysts are more durable than Pt–Ru/C. Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) with Pt–Ru/MoC and Pt–Ru/WC anodes also exhibit higher performance than the DMFC with Pt–Ru/C anode.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Durable Transition‐Metal‐Carbide‐Supported Pt–Ru Anodes for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

et al. 2012

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“…SECM involves the measurement of current through an ultra-micro electrode (with a radius of a few nm to 25 mm) when it is moved in a solution in a vicinity of the substrate. In recent years, this technology has been used as a screening tool for high throughput characterization of electrode catalysts [72][73][74][75]. Lu et al [72,73] reported that SECM offers the capability for both qualitative and quantitative characterization of electrocatalytic activity of thin-film catalysts on planar substrate for fuel cells.…”

Section: Scanning Electrochemical Microscope (Secm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, this technology has been used as a screening tool for high throughput characterization of electrode catalysts [72][73][74][75]. Lu et al [72,73] reported that SECM offers the capability for both qualitative and quantitative characterization of electrocatalytic activity of thin-film catalysts on planar substrate for fuel cells. They performed a rapid screening of electrocatalytic activity of ternary Pt-Ru-WC and Pt-Ru-Co thin film gradient material libraries towards hydrogen oxidation in the presence or absence of CO adsorption using this equipment; and identified potential electrocatalysts for PEM fuel cells.…”

Section: Scanning Electrochemical Microscope (Secm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Combinatorial and High Throughput Screening of DMFC Electrocatalysts

Jiang

Chu

2009

Electrocatalysis of Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

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Portable power sources play an important role in our daily life due to the increasing needs of using various power consuming electronics such as notebook computers, cell phones and digital cameras. Currently, the most widely used portable power sources are batteries. The high cost and low energy density of batteries are far behind our demands for power requirement. Even for the state-of-the-art battery, such as lithium ion battery, the energy density is less than 180 Wh/Kg. Innovative power sources are urgently needed to be an alternative to batteries. In recent years, fuel cells have attracted much attention, as they can directly convert the chemical energy of fuel to electric energy through electrochemical reactions. A fuel cell consists of an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte membrane between the anode and the cathode. The most common type of fuel cell is polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell, which uses hydrogen or alcohol as fuel. Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) directly uses methanol as fuel. Because of the high theoretical fuel energy density (6081 Wh/kg), and the ease of storage and transport of the liquid fuel, DMFC has become one of the more promising energy conversion sources for portable applications. People began to study direct use of methanol to generate electricity by a fuel cell early in 1960s [1][2][3][4]. However, the research on DMFC was relatively slow during the first 30 years [5-10] due to two main technical barriers: slow catalytic kinetic rates for methanol oxidation at the anode and oxygen reduction at the cathode; as well as methanol crossover from the anode to the cathode through the electrolyte membrane. Methanol crossover causes not only fuel waste, but also cathode electrode depolarization. The application of Nafion perfluorosulfonic acid as a solid polymeric electrolyte membrane has largely blocked the methanol crossover in comparison to using liquid electrolyte [11][12][13][14][15].Much effort has been made in seeking electrode catalysts. Various non-platinum catalysts, such as metallo-porphyrins and metallo-phthalocyanines [16][17][18][19] were investigated for catalytic reduction of oxygen. For example, Anson and Collman et al. [20,21] have synthesized and studied dimeric cofacial cobalt porphyrins, which

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“…And this selection should not only be made on the basis of ex situ data, but also information on the catalyst's in situ behaviour is needed in order to closely adapt it to the real life situation. Many studies have demonstrated that the efficiencies of both the anodic and cathodic reactions are improved, when one or more transition metals are alloyed to the pure Pt catalyst [12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. However, the fundamental mechanisms are still not completely understood, so that a rational catalyst optimization is not yet feasible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy in applied fuel cell research

et al. 2009

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For a detailed understanding and systematic optimization of fuel cell systems, in situ studies are an indispensable tool, as they provide information on the catalyst structure in different operation conditions. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is in particular suitable for operando investigations, since it does not require ultra high vacuum conditions or long-range order in the sample. Furthermore, it provides in situ information on oxidation state, adsorbed species and catalyst structure, and thus complements ex situ information, e.g. from X-ray diffraction (structure), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (oxidation state) and FTIR (adsorbates) nicely. In a spectroelectrochemistry experiment, XAS can be combined with different electrochemical techniques in order to satisfy different needs and scientific aims. Spectra of both a Pt-Ru anode catalyst and a Pt-Co cathode catalyst were recorded at different potentials, while measuring the current-potential characteristics of a single cell. So-called half-cell measurements, where the former fuel cell cathode was used with hydrogen as the reference electrode, were performed in water and ethanol to obtain a more detailed mechanistic insight into the ethanol electrooxidation. From a more industrial point of view, different catalysts were tested with a fast potential cycling protocol simulating rapid load changes in a vehicle

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SECM characterization of Pt–Ru–WC and Pt–Ru–Co ternary thin film combinatorial libraries as anode electrocatalysts for PEMFC

Cited by 69 publications

References 33 publications

Durable Transition‐Metal‐Carbide‐Supported Pt–Ru Anodes for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

Durable Transition‐Metal‐Carbide‐Supported Pt–Ru Anodes for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

Combinatorial and High Throughput Screening of DMFC Electrocatalysts

The use of in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy in applied fuel cell research

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