Second- and third-harmonic generation in metal-based structures

Scalora, Michael; Vincenti, Maria Antonietta; Ceglia, Domenico de; Roppo, Vito; Centini, Marco; Aközbek, Neşet; Bloemer, Mark J.

doi:10.1103/physreva.82.043828

Cited by 222 publications

(270 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…By adopting the hydrodynamic model for free electrons in the silver nanoshells, the induced current density obeys the following spatio-temporal differential equation 46   2 0 * * * 1 ,…”

Section: A Boosting Shg From the Plasmonic Nanoshells At The Pb Anglementioning

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Low-damping epsilon-near-zero slabs: Nonlinear and nonlocal optical properties

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Section: A Boosting Shg From the Plasmonic Nanoshells At The Pb Anglementioning

confidence: 99%

Low-damping epsilon-near-zero slabs: Nonlinear and nonlocal optical properties

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“…Less efficient, but equally important and useful for surface characterization and sensing are nonlinear processes originating from metallic surfaces. There, electric field enhancement triggered by the excitation of surface plasmons may suffice to detect harmonic processes arising from symmetry breaking at the surface, magnetic dipoles, electric quadrupoles, inner-core electrons, convective nonlinear sources and electron gas pressure [12,13].…”

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Harmonic generation in multiresonant plasma films

et al. 2013

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We investigate second and third harmonic generation in a slab of material that displays plasma resonances at the pump and its harmonic frequencies. Near-zero refractive indices and local field enhancement can deplete the pump for kW/cm 2 incident powers, without resorting to other resonant photonic mechanisms. We show that low-threshold, highly-efficient nonlinear processes [3][4][5][6][7]. The path toward efficient frequency conversion processes has thus retained its fundamental importance through the years and continues to be the focus of considerable basic research activity. High efficiency

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“…Simulations show that only the INH-SH is left intact. Harmonic signals generated at the surface due to symmetry breaking have the same polarization as the incident pump pulse 12 but have much smaller conversion efficiencies compared to ͑2͒ contributions. Thus, cross checking the polarization of the generated signal can be used to determine its origin, i.e., surface or bulk.…”

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“…Using the theoretical approach outlined in Ref. 12, we determined that the efficiency of the transmitted, surface-generated, TMpolarized SH field is of order 10 −11 , or two orders of magnitude smaller than the TE-polarized component that arises from the ͑2͒ tensor of the medium. The experiment confirms these findings.…”

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“…As in Ref. 12 we also operate in a two-dimensional space, and allow the simultaneous presence of TE-and TM-polarized fields so that each has a twodimensional spatial description. This wider theoretical description takes into account harmonic generation that arises from all interface crossings ͑spatial derivatives on the polarization vectors͒ and from the magnetic Lorentz force, which is usually neglected outside the context of metals.…”

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Third harmonic generation at 223 nm in the metallic regime of GaP

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Aközbek

et al. 2011

Applied Physics Letters

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We demonstrate second and third harmonic generation from a GaP substrate 500 m thick. The second harmonic field is tuned at the absorption resonance at 335 nm, and the third harmonic signal is tuned at 223 nm, in a range where the dielectric function is negative. These results show that a phase locking mechanism that triggers transparency at the harmonic wavelengths persists regardless of the dispersive properties of the medium, and that the fields propagate hundreds of microns without being absorbed even when the harmonics are tuned to portions of the spectrum that display metallic behavior. , that the inhomogeneous component of the second harmonic ͑INH-SH͒ signal travels at the group velocity of the pump pulse. In a recent study phase and group velocity matching were demonstrated in lithium niobate in the range of transparency for all fields. The INH-SH was shown to refract at the same angle, and travel at the same velocity, as the pump.5 At the same time, the homogeneous SH component refracts and travels according to the values one expects from material dispersion at that frequency.The inhomogeneous component is generally difficult to observe because it travels locked under the pump pulse, with relatively low conversion efficiencies. In a recent study the results were generalized to include third harmonic generation ͑THG͒ in both positive and negative index media.6 When a pump signal traverses an interface into a nonlinear medium it generates SH and/or TH fields. Each harmonic has two parts: ͑i͒ a homogeneous portion that walk-off from the pump field; ͑ii͒ an inhomogeneous component phase-and velocitylocked to the pump, with no energy transfer between the fields except at interface crossings. The key observation here is that the INH-SH has a k-vector always double that of the pump, even for large phase mismatches. Theoretical findings thus suggest that the INH-SH signal experiences an effective complex index of refraction given by 2k c / 2 = k c / = n , i.e., the same index of refraction as the pump pulse.In Ref. 7, a pump pulse tuned at 1300 nm was launched into a slab of GaAs 500 m thick. Transmitted SH and TH signals were detected at 650 nm and 433 nm, respectively, far below the absorption band edge ͑ϳ900 nm͒. Simulations showed that only the inhomogeneous components propagate. Further experimental evidence 8 shows that the INH-SH is enhanced by several orders of magnitude compared to bulk 7 in an opaque GaAs cavity environment thanks to pump and INH-SH field localization and overlap. 9 The results of more experiments carried out in a high-Q GaAs cavity 10 hint that the INH-SH signal ͑612 nm͒ can achieve conversion efficiencies of order 10 −3 with pumping intensities as low as 0.15 MW/ cm 2 inside the cavity. We now ask the following question: does this phenomenon hold for harmonic fields tuned at frequencies in the metallic range? In other words, will a harmonic field propagate if it happens to be tuned in a region where sign͑͒ sign͑͒, where one expects no propagating solutions? The short answer to this ...

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Second- and third-harmonic generation in metal-based structures

Cited by 222 publications

References 75 publications

Low-damping epsilon-near-zero slabs: Nonlinear and nonlocal optical properties

Low-damping epsilon-near-zero slabs: Nonlinear and nonlocal optical properties

Harmonic generation in multiresonant plasma films

Third harmonic generation at 223 nm in the metallic regime of GaP

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