Second-derivative spectrophotometric determination of naproxen in the presence of its metabolite in human plasma

Panderi, Irene; Parissi-Poulou, M.

doi:10.1039/an9941900697

Cited by 34 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…DS has the potential to satisfy these criteria. Derivative spectrophotometry has been applied to simultaneous and individual determination of cefuroxime and cefadroxil, cepfrozil in urine, 337,338 coenzyme Q10 in plasma, 339 fleroxacin in serum, 340 metronidazole and miconazole nitrate in ovules, 343 naproxen, pefloxacin, piroxicam and 5-hydroxypiroxicam [344][345][346][347] in plasma and serum and propofol in biological fluids in pregnant women. 348 Analytical characteristics of derivative procedures for clinic and forensic analysis are summarized in Table 5.…”

Section: ·5 Clinical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments of Derivative Spectrophotometry and Their Analytical Applications

El‐Sayed

El-Salem

2005

ANAL. SCI.

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The zero-crossing derivative spectra method is the most common procedure for the simultaneous determination of binary mixtures of their overlapping spectra. As an example, the derivative spectra of binary mixtures of phospho-and silicomolybdenum blue are illustrated in Fig. 1. 23 By measuring the derivative values (heights h1 in Fig. 1) for mixtures of phosphate and silicate at 806 nm (zero-crossing wavelength of silicomolybdate complex), one can avoid the interference by silicate and the phosphate concentration can be determined. By measuring the derivative values (heights h2 in Fig. 1 Moreover, one disadvantage of the zero-crossing method is the necessity of selecting critical wavelengths for the measurements. This selection causes considerable loss of sensitivity and precision in case of binary mixtures. The so-called "ratio spectra derivative" permits the use of the wavelengths corresponding to maximum or minimum and also the use of the distance between consecutive maximum and minimum, thus avoiding these problems. 24 Salinas et al. 25 developed a derivative quotient spectra method with a standard divisor when the spectra of the components are overlapped. The method was based on dividing the spectrum for a mixture into the standard spectra for each of the analyses and driving the quotient to obtain a spectrum that is independent of the analyte concentration used as a divisor. The use of standardized spectra as divisors minimizes experimental errors and background noise. 26 An accurate choice of standard divisors and working wavelengths is fundamental for several reasons. 25,27,28 Easy measurements on separate peaks, higher values of the analytical signals and no need to work only at zero-crossing points (sometimes co-existing compounds have no maximum or minimum at these wavelengths) are advantages for ratio spectra derivative spectrophotometry in comparison with the zerocrossing derivative spectrophotometry. Also, the presence of a lot of maxima and minima in ratio spectra derivative data was another advantage, since these wavelengths give an opportunity for the determination of these compounds in the presence of other active compounds and excipients that possibly interfered with the assay. 29 2·1 Resolution of binary and ternary mixtures by applyingderivative ratio spectra (derivative quotient spectra) The absorption spectrum of a mixture of three compounds; A, B and C is determined by this equation:AM,λ i = εA,λ i CA + εB,λ i CB + εC,λ i CC (path-length is 1 cm)where, AM,λ i is the absorbance value of the mixture at wavelength λi, εA,λ i , εB,λ i and εC,λ i are the molar absorptivities of A, B and C at λi, CA, CP and CC are the molar concentrations of A, B and C, respectively. When we divide this spectrum by the spectrum of a standard solution of one of the components (e.g., A of concentration CA). That is bywe obtainThe first derivative of this spectrum ratio givesIf CC = 0, we have the binary mixture of A and B, and the spectrum in this case is:In Eq. (5) we can see that the derivative ratio spectrum of...

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Section: ·5 Clinical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments of Derivative Spectrophotometry and Their Analytical Applications

El‐Sayed

El-Salem

2005

ANAL. SCI.

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“…If one does wish an absorption experiment, Stolberg published a derivative spectrometric method for determining saccharin in cola in this Journal several years ago (26 ). The five review articles cited earlier (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20) provide specific examples of mixtures that could only be analyzed by derivative spectroscopy. Direct absorption or emission methods would not be applicable because of severe overlap of spectral bands.…”

Section: Discussion Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Very little additional laboratory time is required for the spectrofluorometer to display the firstderivative spectra. Undergraduate students are exposed to the general method of derivative spectroscopy, which is an important, often-used analytical technique (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20) for eliminating sample matrix and background fluorescence effects and for treating overlapped spectral bands. Moreover, students have the opportunity to actually perform the statistical analysis involved with comparing different analytical methods.…”

Section: Discussion Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of Analytical Methods: Direct Emission versus First-Derivative Fluorometric Methods for Quinine Determination in Tonic Waters

et al. 1999

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Fluorescence spectroscopy is an extremely versatile, sensitive experimental technique used in identification and quantification of many environmentally important compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic nitrogen heterocycles, and polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles. Through judicious selection of excitation and emission wavelengths, a single desired fluorophore can often be analyzed in complex unknown mixtures containing several absorbing and fluorescing species.Many laboratory experiments appearing in this Journal (1-9) and standard laboratory manuals (e.g., ref 10) have involved determination of analyte concentrations by fluorometric methods. Published methods assume that the observed emission intensity, F, isdirectly proportional to the molar concentration of the analyte. The proportionality constant, K′, depends upon the quantum efficiency (quantum yield) of the fluorescence process, the response of the photodetector at the emission wavelength, and the molar extinction coefficient, which remain constant during any given chemical analysis at fixed excitation and emission wavelengths. Analyte concentrations are determined from a working-curve plot of the measured fluorescence intensity versus the known molar concentrations of the standard solutions. The aforementioned experimental methods introduce students to fluorescence instrumentation. However, the data analysis will appear rather trivial if UV-vis spectrophotometric, flame emission, or AA analysis has already been performed. Most instrumental analysis textbooks (11-14) discuss absorption spectroscopy and applications of the Beer-Lambert law one or two chapters before presenting fluorescence and phosphorescence.We have found it possible to modernize our existing fluorometric laboratory experiment involving the determination of quinine in tonic waters by statistically comparing values determined from direct emission and first-derivative fluorometric methods. Recent review articles (15-20), written in several different languages, have cited numerous examples of the application of derivative spectroscopy to the analysis of food, clinical, pharmaceutical, biomedical, and environmental samples. For the most part, published applications utilize either the first or second derivative. Third and higher-order derivatives have been successfully used in select occasions. The first-derivative spectrofluorometric method is relatively straightforward and will be discussed in terms of an unknown tonic water sample containing quinine. The measured emission intensity is given by eq 1. Differentiation of the solution fluorescence emission with respect to the emission wavelength, λ em , yields the following mathematical expression:For solutions that contain only a single fluorophore, the first derivative corresponds to the gradient dF/d λ em of the fluorescence emission envelope and for each well-resolved band features only a maximum and trough. The vertical distance is the amplitude, which is directly proportional to the analyte concentrati...

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“…Both naproxen and esomeprazole have been analysed by various techniques either alone or in combination with other drugs. The analytical methods existed for naproxen includes determination by capillary electrophoresis [13][14][15], spectrophotometry [16], micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography [17][18], HPLC [19][20] and spectrofluorometry [21][22][23][24][25]. Compared to naproxen only few analytical methods exist for the determination of esomeprazole [26][27][28][29].…”

Section: Preparation Of Standard Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Validation of Liquid Chromatographic Method for Naproxen and Esomeprazole in Binary Combination

Razzaq

Ashfaq

Khan

et al. 2012

J. Chil. Chem. Soc.

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The present study reports the development and validation of a simple, economic and sensitive HPLC method for the concurrent determination of naproxen and esomeprazole in pharmaceutical formulations. Isocratic chromatography was performed with C-18 column and mixture of phosphate buffer (pH 6.1) and acetonitrile in ratio of (40:60, v/v) at 1.5 mlmin -1. The eluents were monitored at 302 nm using UV detector. The method was isocratic in the range of 9.38 to 300 µgml -1 for naproxen and 0.5 to 16 µgml -1 for esomeprazole. Validation of the method was performed by testing parameters like linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness, specificity, LOD and LOQ values. In the specificity the drugs were subjected to forced degradation studies like acidic, basic, oxidative and thermal stresses. Both the analytes were separated within three minutes. As the method separates the degradation products produced during forced degradation studies from the active analytes so it can be used not only for regular determination of naproxen and esomeprazole but also for their stability studies.Key words: HPLC, acetonitrile, isocratic, specificity, forced degradation study.e-mail: ashfaqchemist@hotmail.com 1-INTRODUCTIONNaproxen (Fig.1) chemically designated as [(S)-6-methoxy-alpha-methyl-2-naphthaleneacetic acid] is non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicine that demonstrates both antipyretic and analgesic behavior [1][2][3][4]. It can be used for the remedy of various diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarthritis, primary dysmenorrheal and acute gout [5]. After taken orally, naproxen is partially metabolized to its 6-O-desmethylated active metabolite. Both the drug and its metabolite are then excreted through urine either as unchanged or in conjugation with sulphate or glucoronic acid [6][7][8].A careful literature survey did not reveal any single analytical technique for the determination of naproxen and esomeprazole simultaneously. Therefore, attempts were made to develop and validate an isocratic reverse phase HPLC method to determine both drugs simultaneously. We are currently engaged in binary combination analysis of different classes of drugs in synthetic mixtures and in pharmaceutical formulations [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]. The present work is therefore, aimed to attain the optimum chromatographic conditions for the determination of naproxen and esomeprazole simultaneously.We describe in this paper a simple, cheap, sensitive and validated HPLC method with run time less than 3 minutes for the determination of naproxen and esomeprazole simultaneously in pharmaceutical formulations. The developed method can be applied to routine quality control analysis of drugs and for other analytical purposes. 2-EXPERIMENTAL Chemicals and ReagentsReference standards of both naproxen and esomeprazole with claimed percentage purity of 99.62 and 99.71 % respectively were kindly gifted by Schazoo Zaka Laboratories (Lahore, Pakistan). Acetonitrile (chromatography grad...

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Second-derivative spectrophotometric determination of naproxen in the presence of its metabolite in human plasma

Cited by 34 publications

References 17 publications

Recent Developments of Derivative Spectrophotometry and Their Analytical Applications

Recent Developments of Derivative Spectrophotometry and Their Analytical Applications

Comparison of Analytical Methods: Direct Emission versus First-Derivative Fluorometric Methods for Quinine Determination in Tonic Waters

Development and Validation of Liquid Chromatographic Method for Naproxen and Esomeprazole in Binary Combination

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