Second lower genital tract squamous cell carcinoma following cervical cancer: A clinical study of 46 patients

Human exposure to sources of radiation as well as the use of radiation-derived therapeutic and diagnostic modalities for medical reasons has been ongoing for the last 60 years or so. The carcinogenetic effect of radiation either due to accidental exposure or use of radiation for the treatment of cancer has been undoubtedly proven during the last decades. The role of radiation therapy in the treatment of patients with prostate cancer is constantly increasing as less-invasive treatment modalities are sought for the management of this widely, prevalent disease. Moreover the wide adoption of screening for prostate cancer has led to a decrease in the average age that patients are diagnosed with prostate cancer. Screening has also resulted in the diagnosis of low-grade, less-aggressive prostate cancers which would probably never lead to complications or death from the disease. Radiotherapy for prostate cancer has been linked to the late occurrence of second malignancies both in the true pelvis and outside the targeted area due to low-dose radiation scatter. Secondary malignancies following prostate irradiation include predominantly bladder cancer and, to a lesser extent, colon cancer. Those secondary radiation-induced bladder tumors are usually aggressive and sometimes lethal. Care should be given to the long-term follow up of patients under radiation therapy for prostate cancer, while the indications for its use in certain cases should be reconsidered.

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“…This phenomenon was attributed to low-dose radiation scatter [Senkus et al 2000;Ohno et al 1997;Kleinerman et al 1995;Filatova, 1990].…”

Section: Radiotherapy-induced Malignanciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary malignancies following radiotherapy for prostate cancer

Sountoulides

Koletsas

Kikidakis

et al. 2010

Therapeutic Advances in Urology

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“…according to data from the literature, metachronous cancers occur after 1-32 years, on average after 3-9 years, and about 50% in the first 5 years after the first neoplasm treatment [15,18,[23][24][25]. In the studied group in the situation when the cervical neoplasm was a subsequent cancer, synchronic neoplasms constituted 22% and in the situation when the cervical neoplasm was the first, the synchronic cancers constituted 13.2%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the studied group in the situation when the cervical neoplasm was a subsequent cancer, synchronic neoplasms constituted 22% and in the situation when the cervical neoplasm was the first, the synchronic cancers constituted 13.2%. according to the data from the literature, synchronic cancers are 21.4-33.3% of multiple neoplasms, and synchronic gynecological cancers occurring after cervical cancer account for 9% of multiple cancers, with 70% of those as vulvar cancers and 30% vaginal cancers [18,23,25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, in the case of cervical carcinoma, the occurrence of multiple cancers does not worsen the prognosis. Generally the prognosis for all cancers is even better [8,23]. It may be the result of keeping patients under medical observation and detection of subsequent cancers in the earlier stages of advancement than in the average population [18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The risk of developing a subsequent cancer after radiation oscillates from 1.03 after thyroid neoplasm treatment to 1.78 due to cervical cancer treatment [12]. In patients radiated in the pelvic area, 70% of secondary neoplasms occur in the radiated area [23]. The risk of the development of secondary cancers should be taken into consideration during observation of the patients after treatment, especially that their symptoms can frequently be the same as the side effects of radiotherapy and large intestine and bladder neoplasms after radiation due to cervical cancer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multiple Neoplasms Among Cervical Cancer Patients in the Material of the Lower Silesian Cancer Registry

Izmajłowicz¹,

Kornafel²,

Błaszczyk³

2014

Adv Clin Exp Med

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Background. according to the definition by the International agency for Research on cancer (IaRc), primary multiple neoplasms are two or more neoplasms of different histopathological build in one organ, or two or more tumors occurring in one patient, regardless of the time of their occurrence (synchronic -up to 6 months, metachronous -after 6 months), coming from an organ or a tissue and not being an infiltration from another neoplasm, a relapse or a metastasis. Objectives. It was the aim of the study to analyze the frequency of the occurrence of multiple neoplasms among patients suffering from uterine cervix cancer, with a special interest in coexistent neoplasms, the time of their occurrence and total 5-year survivals. Material and Methods. The data from the Lower Silesian cancer Registry concerning the years 1984-2009 formed the material of the present study. Results. 5.3% of all cervix neoplasms occurred as multiple cancers. cervix neoplasms were 13.4% of multiple neoplasms. On average, cervical cancer occurred as a subsequent cancer in 6 patients yearly (60.7% of the occurrences of cervical cancer were in the period of 5 years following treatment for the first neoplasm). 5-year survival in patients suffering from primarily multiple cervix neoplasms constituted 57% and was convergent with the results for all patients suffering from cervical cancer. cervical cancer as the first neoplasm occurred in 287 patients, on average in 11 patients annually. In the period of the first 5 years after the treatment of cervical cancer, there were 42.8% occurrences of other cancers. cervical neoplasms most frequently coexisted with cancers of the breast, lung and large intestine. Conclusions. The frequency of the occurrence of multiple neoplasm among cervical cancer patients is increasing. Most frequently they coexist with other tobacco-related neoplasms, those related to HPV infections and with secondary post-radiation neoplasms. These facts should be taken into consideration during post-treatment observation and when directing diagnostic and prophylactic tests. Synchronic neoplasms require detailed diagnostics and planning of treatment by a team of specialists. The occurrence of primary multiple cervical neoplasms does not worsen the prognosis as compared to patients suffering exclusively from cervical cancer (Adv Clin Exp Med 2014, 23, 3, 433-440).

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