Second-order chemometric standardization for high-speed hyphenated gas chromatography: Analysis of GC/MS and comprehensive GC�GC data

Comparative analysis of peak-detection techniques for comprehensive two-dimensional chromatography

“…Similarly, the issue of coelutions, although important for peak detection, was not considered herein, as neither the two-step nor watershed algorithm incorporates a solution for coelution. Other techniques have been developed for unmixing coeluted peaks, e.g., [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. Step (2-Step) peak detection algorithms for peaks with parametric skew (s); first-column (x-dimension) peak-width standard deviation, σ x ; second-column (y-dimension) peak-width standard deviation, σ y ; and noise standard deviation, σ n .…”

Trends in chemometric analysis of comprehensive two-dimensional separations

“…The more precise the run-to-run retention times, the more powerful the chemometric analysis becomes. In this regard, an objective retention time standardization technique for 2D separation data significantly improves quantitation in a GRAM analysis [21]. This alignment technique has been expanded to correct both dimensions using interpolated retention time shifts to enhance precision [22].…”

Chemometric Methods in Process Analysis

“…wavelength or retention time) occur, a PCA-based method of standardization may be employed. 102,103 The spectral (or time) indices are shifted such that the projection of each sample into the PC space defined by the original instrument is optimized. A more general method based loosely on MSC has also demonstrated success when there are relatively minor performance differences between the original and second instruments.…”