Secondary ion mass spectrometry and Raman spectroscopy for tissue engineering applications

Abstract

Identifying the matrix properties that permit directing stem cell fate is critical for expanding desired cell lineages ex vivo for disease treatment. Such efforts require knowledge of matrix surface chemistry and the cell responses they elicit. Recent progress in analyzing biomaterial composition and identifying cell phenotype with two label-free chemical imaging techniques, TOF-SIMS and Raman spectroscopy are presented. TOF-SIMS is becoming indispensable for the surface characterization of biomaterial scaffolds. Developments in TOF-SIMS data analysis enable correlating surface chemistry with biological response. Advances in the interpretation of Raman spectra permit identifying the fate decisions of individual, living cells with location specificity. Here we highlight this progress and discuss further improvements that would facilitate efforts to develop artificial scaffolds for tissue regeneration.

The impact of detergents on the tissue decellularization process: A ToF-SIMS study

“…A proportion of the fragments emitted are charged ions (positive and negative) which may be analysed using a time of flight detector to provide mass/charge spectra characteristic of the surface. Analysis of the spectra provides further information on the chemical moieties, structure and molecular orientation of the surface [40]. During ToF-SIMS analysis, macromolecules on the sample surface are fragmented which often results in spectra containing multiple low mass peaks, rather than individual peaks characteristic of a single component [40].…”

“…Analysis of the spectra provides further information on the chemical moieties, structure and molecular orientation of the surface [40]. During ToF-SIMS analysis, macromolecules on the sample surface are fragmented which often results in spectra containing multiple low mass peaks, rather than individual peaks characteristic of a single component [40]. Translating these low mass peaks into chemical information is challenging.…”

Identifying States along the Hematopoietic Stem Cell Differentiation Hierarchy with Single Cell Specificity via Raman Spectroscopy

“…This concern is especially relevant to the use of Raman spectroscopy for identifying early HSC fate decisions in microscale screening platforms that contain spatial variations in substrate composition and stiffness. 30 …”

Mass Spectrometry Imaging: A Review of Emerging Advancements and Future Insights

“…126 Partial least-squares regression (PLS) is a supervised classification method, where classes of data are annotated with known labels. 127 Partial least-squares regression is similar to PCA; however, instead of separating into components based on the maximum variance, it uses a linear regression or classification model to project predicted variables and observable variables to a new space, mathematically speaking. Classification refers to decisions among a typically small and discrete set of choices (tumor vs normal tissue), while regression refers to an estimation of possibly continuous-valued output variables (diagnosis of the severity of disease).…”