Secondary metabolites from marine sponges of the genus Agelas: a comprehensive update insight on structural diversity and bioactivity

Abstract

The marine sponges of the genus Agelas, are unique and yet under-investigated pools for discovery of natural products with fabulous molecular diversity and myriad interesting biological activities.

Marine natural products

“…454,455 Complex tropolone-containing triterpenoid gukulenin B has also been prepared. 456 Reviews of MNPs from class Demospongiae, 457 the genera Agelas, 458 Oceanapia, 459 Smenospongia, 460 and the species Dactylospongia elegans have been published, 461 as have summaries of the development of the bengamides as antibiotics, 462 the quintessential alkaloid aaptamine, 463 and the scalaranes, a common class of sponge sesterterpenoid. 464 High-throughput screening (HTS) of 3764 marine-derived fractions has identied macrolide leiodolide A as a potent anti-Cryptosporidium agent with high selectivity for the parasite over mammalian cell lines.…”

Novel Insights in the Potential of Halogenated Polyketide–Peptide Molecules as Lead Compounds in Cancer Drug Discovery

“…Indeed, in the last 10 years, 2400 new molecules were isolated from more than 600 species of sponges [ 8 ]. Since sponges have no immune system nor physic defense mechanisms, they produce secondary metabolites as chemical defenses [ 9 ]. Chemically, those metabolites can be classified as nucleosides, terpenoids, polyketides, sterols, alkaloids, macrolides, sugars, steroids, shikimic acid derivatives, peroxides, terpenoids, fatty acids, amino acid derivatives, and peptides [ 2 , 10 , 11 , 12 ].…”

Total Synthesis of Nagelamide W

“…These metabolites have highly diverse structures ranging from oroidin as the simplest monomeric alkaloid to the most complex members, stylissadines A and B, reported to date . These pyrrole imidazole alkaloids exhibit high N/C ratios (∼ 1:2) and display a wide range of pharmacological properties such as antifungal, antibacterial, and anticancer activities . The combination of their intriguing biological activities and unique structural frameworks has drawn the attention of chemists to these molecules, making them attractive targets for total synthesis.…”