Secondary Metabolites Isolated from Chilean Marine Algae: A Review

Abstract

Chile is in the extreme southwestern part of America, and it has an extreme length, of approximately 4300 km that increases to 8000 km considering the Chilean Antarctic Territory. Despite the large extent of its coastal territory and the diversity of geographic environments and climates associated with Chilean coasts, the research on marine resources in Chile has been rather scarce. From marine organisms found in Chilean coastal waters, algae have been the most studied, since they contain a wide range of interesting secondary metabolites that have some structural traits that make them unique and uncharacteristic. Thus, a wide structural variety of natural products including terpenoids (monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, and meroterpenoids), furanones, and C15-acetogenins have been isolated and identified. This review describes the existing literature on bioprospecting and exploration of secondary metabolites from Chilean coasts.

Diversified Chemical Structures and Bioactivities of the Chemical Constituents Found in the Brown Algae Family Sargassaceae

“…Meroterpenoids represent another major group of terpene metabolites originating from the Sargassaceae family [6,7,18,. Notably, 154 new meroterpenoids (70-223) (Figures 11-13), consisting of an aromatic or substituted aromatic nucleus connected to a terpenoid chain with different degrees of oxidation, were isolated from Sargassaceae species .…”

“…Seaweeds, a rich renewable resource, are known to produce numerous complex and diverse secondary metabolites with potent bioactivities [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Based on their thallus pigmentation, seaweeds are typically classified into three groups: brown algae (Phaeophyta), green algae (Chlorophyta), and red algae (Rhodophyta).…”

In vitro anthelmintic activity of Chaetomorpha vieillardii ethanolic extract against adult worm motility and egg-hatching of Haemonchus contortus from sheep

“…Regarding the biodiversity of feed from the sea, Indonesia is the world's second-largest producer of macroalgae (38.7%) after China (47.9%) (Ferdouse et al, 2018). Macroalgae, commonly known as seaweed, besides its biomass benefits as food, also contains bioactive compounds such as terpenoids (Arrieche et al, 2022;González-Andrés et al, 2022), phlorotannins (Fraga-Corral et al, 2021), polysaccharides (Fauziee et al, 2021), carotenoids, sterols/ steroids, phenolic acids, phenols, pheromones, xanthophylls, chlorophylls, phloroglucinols, alkaloids, vitamins, amino acids, and fatty acids (Lever et al, 2020;Bonde et al, 2021;Arrieche et al, 2022;Samar et al, 2022). These bioactive compounds are recognized to have antimicrobial, antiparasitic, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, anesthetic agent, and even antitumor activities (Ghania et al, 2017;Abu-Khudir et al, 2020;Dhara and Chakraborty, 2020;Saraswati et al, 2020;Purbosari et al, 2022;Samar et al, 2022).…”