Secondary Plasma Cell Leukemia: A Case Report

Swaminathan, Neeraja; Váradi, Gábor

doi:10.7759/cureus.8693

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Immature plasma cells have dispersed nuclear chromatin, prominent nucloeli, and high nucleus to cytoplasma ratio, while mature cells possess a characteristic “cartwheel” appearance due to the unique arrangement of chromatin in the nucleus 1 . Plasma cells in pPCL and sPCL are morphologically identical and they share a similar immunophenotype except for CD28, which is expressed with greater frequency in sPCL 5 . To classify the disease into primary or secondary, a history of MM is essential 6 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Plasma cell leukemia in a 34-year-old male: rare scenario case report

Issa,

Hannouneh,

Alabbas

et al. 2023

Annals of Medicine &Amp; Surgery

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction: Plasma cell leukemia is an uncommon plasma cell dyscrasia with a very poor prognosis. It is more common among males and usually presents between 55 and 65 years of age. Case presentation: A 34-year-old male presented to Al-Assad hospital with unremitting back pain. He was given analgesics but his pain was unresponsive to treatment, and due to the COVID-19 pandemic, he refused a CT scan in the hospital. Later that year, he presented again with weight loss, nausea, abdominal pain, melena, and ascites. He was pale with a moderately distended abdomen. Laboratory tests revealed anemia, thrombocytopenia, hypercalcemia, increased total proteins, and elevated LDH. Flow cytometry findings of the bone marrow aspirate showed the presence of 30% of plasma cells, positive for CD38, CD56, and kappa light chains. He was diagnosed with secondary plasma cell leukemia and started on chemotherapy; however, he could not continue his treatment due to myeloid inhibition. He passed away 5 months later. Clinical discussion: Multiple myeloma was not suspected in the patient due to his young age. The diagnosis was delayed even further due to the COVID-19 pandemic. His multiple myeloma progressed into secondary plasma cell leukemia and had uncommon features like small intestinal polyps. Even though there has been groundbreaking advancements in chemotherapy, plasma cell leukemia still possesses a fatal prognosis. Conclusion: This report showcases a rare age presentation with unique manifestations for secondary plasma cell leukemia. Multiple myeloma should be a differential diagnosis for cases with unexplained back pain despite an unclassical age.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Negative expression of CD56 has been associated with extra-medullary MM 1 . CD28 is a poor prognostic factor in MM and is associated with plasma cell proliferation, disease progression, and chemotherapy resistance 5 . Several genetic factors have also been implicated in the transformation to PCL.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma cell leukemia in a 34-year-old male: rare scenario case report

Issa,

Hannouneh,

Alabbas

et al. 2023

Annals of Medicine &Amp; Surgery

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…PCL accounts for 2-4% of patients with MM and 0.3% of leukemias. 3 It is an unusual and aggressive disease that can occur de novo (p PCL) or as a secondary leukemic transformation of a formerly diagnosed MM (s PCL). 4 p PCL has some distinct biological and clinical features compared to MM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 It accounts for around 2-4% of all plasma cell malignancies. 3 Primary PCL (p PCL) presents with leukemic phase at initial diagnosis in the absence of a prior history of multiple myeloma (MM), whereas secondary PCL (sPCL) manifest as leukemic…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leukemia cutis: a rare manifestation of an underlying primary plasma cell leukemia

Dixit,

Trivedi,

Bansal

et al. 2023

J Pathol Nep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Plasma cell leukaemia is the rarest yet most aggressive plasma cell disorder characterized by a malignant proliferation of plasma cells in the blood and bone marrow. Leukaemia cutis includes cutaneous manifestation of any type of leukaemia, and is defined as skin infiltration by malignant leukocytes or their precursors, resulting in clinically detectable cutaneous lesions. Plasma cell leukaemia cutis is a rare clinical presentation with an adverse prognosis which makes the index case an unusual entity. We hereby report a case of primary Plasma cell leukaemia, who presented with multiple cutaneous scalp nodules. Fine needle aspiration cytology performed on these scalp nodules revealed cellular smears exhibiting mature and immature plasma cells dispersed singly and arranged in small clusters. The total leukocyte count was 25,800/cu mm, with differential count of 18% polymorphonuclear leukocytes, 20% lymphocytes and 62% abnormal plasmacytoid cells. The diagnosis of primary PCL with cutaneous involvement was subsequently rendered through histology and immunophenotyping.

show abstract

“…It is diagnosed in 1.8–4% of MM patients [ 25 ] for a median time of progression of 20–22 months [ 26 ]. However, these patients usually fail the treatment regimens [ 14 ], and their median OS is approximately 6–11 months [ 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LncRNAs LY86-AS1 and VIM-AS1 Distinguish Plasma Cell Leukemia Patients from Multiple Myeloma Patients

Bútová

Vychytilová-Faltejsková

Gregorová

et al. 2021

Biomedicines

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are functional RNAs longer than 200 nucleotides. Due to modern genomic techniques, the involvement of lncRNAs in tumorigenesis has been revealed; however, information concerning lncRNA interplay in multiple myeloma (MM) and plasma cell leukemia (PCL) is virtually absent. Herein, we aimed to identify the lncRNAs involved in MM to PCL progression. We investigated representative datasets of MM and PCL patients using next-generation sequencing. In total, 13 deregulated lncRNAs (p < 0.00025) were identified; four of them were chosen for further validation in an independent set of MM and PCL patients by RT-qPCR. The obtained results proved the significant downregulation of lymphocyte antigen antisense RNA 1 (LY86-AS1) and VIM antisense RNA 1 (VIM-AS1) in PCL compared to MM. Importantly, these two lncRNAs could be involved in the progression of MM into PCL; thus, they could serve as promising novel biomarkers of MM progression.

show abstract

Secondary Plasma Cell Leukemia: A Case Report

Cited by 5 publications

References 15 publications

Plasma cell leukemia in a 34-year-old male: rare scenario case report

Plasma cell leukemia in a 34-year-old male: rare scenario case report

Leukemia cutis: a rare manifestation of an underlying primary plasma cell leukemia

LncRNAs LY86-AS1 and VIM-AS1 Distinguish Plasma Cell Leukemia Patients from Multiple Myeloma Patients

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About