Secret Key Generation Protocol for Optical OFDM Systems in Indoor VLC Networks

Al‐Moliki, Yahya M.; Alresheedi, Mohammed T.; Al‐Harthi, Yahya

doi:10.1109/jphot.2017.2667400

Cited by 33 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In 2017, Al-Moliki et al proposed a key extraction protocol in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) to solve the problem of eavesdropping on VLC links. The proposed method extracts the key from the samples generated by the OFDM method in the PHY/MAC layer [4]. In a 2018 study, Werfli et al proposed a 4×4 imaging MIMO(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) VLC system that uses multiband Carrierless Amplitude and Phase (m-CAP) modulation based on frequency multiplexing for highspeed data transmission using VLC.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…RF-based wireless communication systems, in particular, are insufficient to accommodate the explosive data traffic from IoT devices due to their limited frequency band. By using the unlicensed broadband spectrum, Visible Light Communication (VLC) is attracting attention as a next generation wireless communication technology solution to overcome these problems [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An LED-based visible light communication system for multicast

Lee¹,

Lee²,

Kim³

et al. 2019

IJEECS

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<p>Visible Light Communication is a communication method that transmits data through light by pulsing an LED at high speed, performing broadcast communication for all devices existing in its coverage. Broadcast-based Visible Light Communication is limited to application to Internet of Things services, where various applications exist, although all receivers can communicate within the range of light sources. Therefore, this paper proposes an LED based Visible Light Communication system for multicast. The proposed system performs individual multicast by participating in communication only with receivers configured to use a specified ID value input at the transmitting side during data transmission. Experimental results show that the receiver can receive files individually according to a specified ID value.</p>

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An LED-based visible light communication system for multicast

Lee¹,

Lee²,

Kim³

et al. 2019

IJEECS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In [5][6][7][8], the authors introduce key-based physicallayer security methods to strengthen VLC's confidentiality. Our work in [6] and its extended version in [7] propose a key generation system for optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), to enhance the confidentiality of VLC networks. This system generates secret keys from the bipolar real cyclic prefix (CP) samples copied from the final samples of the optical OFDM data symbols.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this Letter, we evaluate the randomness of the secret keys generated from our key generation system in [6,7]. Randomness is the most crucial performance metric of key generation techniques.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Key generation based on optical OFDM system: Our works in [6,7] introduce a key generation system based on an optical OFDM system. We introduce a method to create encryption keys from the bipolar and real-valued OFDM samples, by capitalising on the CP samples placed in the space of low channel effect, to encrypt each signal frame throughout the whole session period.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Randomness evaluation of key generation based on optical OFDM system in visible light communication networks

2017

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Recently, the authors proposed a physical-layer key generation scheme for optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) techniques in an indoor scenario. The key generation protocol exploits bipolar and real-valued optical OFDM samples to create confidential keys. It determines a chunk of cyclic prefix samples positioned in the space of small channel impact to generate the confidential keys during the session duration. This key-generation approach offers strong computational security to counter passive eavesdroppers and key creation on the fly, with zero bit-mismatch rates. In this Letter, the authors evaluate the randomness of the confidential keys produced from the recently proposed key-generation protocol to validate if the keys are truly random. The authors apply a statistical test suite of the National Institute of Standards and Technology to test randomness. The results demonstrate that the keys generated from the proposed key generation system pass all the tests. The results also demonstrate that the proposed key generation system provides uncorrelated keys with an approximately equal probability of bits (discrete uniform distribution) on an average, which yields a high security system against statistical attacks.

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Electron Oscillation‐Induced Splitting Electroluminescence from Nano‐LEDs for Device‐Level Encryption

Wang

Liao

et al. 2023

Advanced Materials

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Data security is a major concern in digital age, which generally relies on algorithm‐based mathematical encryption. Recently, encryption techniques based on physical principles are emerging and being developed, leading to the new generation of encryption moving from mathematics to the intersection of mathematics and physics. Here, device‐level encryption with ideal security is ingeniously achieved using modulation of the electron‐hole radiative recombination in a GaN‐LED. When a nano‐LED is driven in the non‐carrier injection mode, the oscillation of confined electrons can split what should be a single light pulse into multiple pulses. The morphology (amplitude, shape and pulse number) of those history‐dependent multiple pulses that act as carriers for transmitted digital information depends highly on the parameters of the driving signals, which makes those signals mathematically uncrackable and can increase the volume and security of transmitted information. Moreover, a hardware and software platform are designed to demonstrate the encrypted data transmission based on the device‐level encryption method, enabling recognition of the entire ASCII code table. The device‐level encryption based on splitting electroluminescence provides an encryption method during the conversion process of digital signals to optical signals and can improve the security of LED‐based communication.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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Secret Key Generation Protocol for Optical OFDM Systems in Indoor VLC Networks

Cited by 33 publications

References 32 publications

An LED-based visible light communication system for multicast

An LED-based visible light communication system for multicast

Randomness evaluation of key generation based on optical OFDM system in visible light communication networks

Electron Oscillation‐Induced Splitting Electroluminescence from Nano‐LEDs for Device‐Level Encryption

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