Secretion of oxytocin and milk removal as affected by milking cows with and without manual stimulation

Mayer, Harald; Schams, D.; Worstorff, H.; Prokopp, A.

doi:10.1677/joe.0.1030355

Cited by 38 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In the present study milk flow and OT profiles were analyzed for several modes of tactile prestimulation by vibration stimulation. The basal OT level and the release of OT as result of tactile prestimulation were similar to those previously reported (Mayer et al, 1984;Bruckmaier and Blum, 1996;Bruckmaier and Hilger, 2001;Weiss et al, 2003). As in previous studies (Bruckmaier and Blum, 1996;Bruckmaier and Hilger, 2001), milking pulsation resulted in similar concentrations of OT compared with prestimulation by vibration stimulation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

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Optimization of Individual Prestimulation in Dairy Cows

Weiß¹,

Bruckmaier²

2005

Journal of Dairy Science

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The application of prestimulation results in enhanced milking performance compared with milking without prestimulation. In the present study oxytocin (OT) release and milking characteristics were investigated in 43 dairy cows after the application of various prestimulation routines by vibration stimulation lasting between 0 and 90 s. Additionally, different maximum pulsation vacuum settings during vibration stimulation were investigated. The actual degree of udder fill was calculated as a percentage of the estimated storage capacity. The amplitude of OT release, total milk yield, and stripping milk yield did not differ between prestimulation routines. Increased maximum pulsation vacuum during vibration stimulation resulted in milk flow during prestimulation, but did not negatively influence milking characteristics. The lag time from the start of teat stimulation until the start of milk ejection was negatively correlated with the degree of udder fill. This relationship was the reason for variations in optimal duration of prestimulation. The optimal duration of prestimulation to receive immediate and continuous milk flow at the start of milking was 90 s in udders containing small amounts of milk, whereas the optimal duration was only 20 s in well-filled udders. A short prestimulation enhances milking stall capacity when milking full udders, and a prolonged prestimulation reduces the total vacuum load on the teat when milking udders that are not full.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The solid black bar indicates optimal duration of prestimulation. (Sagi et al, 1980;Zinn et al, 1982;Mayer et al, 1984;Bruckmaier and Blum, 1996). Interestingly, this effect was absent in udders that were more than 80% full.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Optimization of Individual Prestimulation in Dairy Cows

Weiß¹,

Bruckmaier²

2005

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…Therefore the main portion of milk stored within the udder was removed during this period. Owing to lack of previous stimulation, the milk flow curve in the barn followed a bimodal pattern, demonstrating delayed milk ejection after the start of milking (Mayer et al 1984). The advantage of milking without premilking stimulation in this experiment was the possibility of estimating the c pre-ejection' milk fraction (cisternal milk) from the first peak of the bimodal milk flow curve.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Milk removal in familiar and unfamiliar surroundings: concentrations of oxytocin, prolactin, cortisol andβ–endorphin

Bruckmaier¹,

Schams²,

Blum³

1993

Journal of Dairy Research

106

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Eight cows were machine milked either in an operating theatre or in their familiar barn. During the experiments, milk flow curves were recorded and blood samples were taken for determination of concentrations of oxytocin, prolactin, cortisol and /?-endorphin. The milking cluster was attached without udder preparation. After cessation of milk flow, air was blown into the vagina for 2 min. When milk flow had stopped again, 1 i.u. oxytocin and finally 10 i.u. oxytocin were injected to remove the remaining milk. After the start of milking, oxytocin remained basal in unfamiliar, but increased in familiar surroundings. Therefore, during normal milking only 9% of total milk was removed in unfamiliar, whereas 79% was available in familiar surroundings. In response to subsequent vaginal stimulation in the operating theatre, oxytocin increased transiently in five cows and 15-71 % of the milk was removed in these animals. In the other three cows in the operating theatre, oxytocin remained basal during vaginal stimulation, and no more milk was available. After injection of 1 i.u. oxytocin, 56 and 11 %, and after injection of 10 i.u. oxytocin, 13 and 8% of milk was removed in unfamiliar and familiar surroundings respectively. Concentrations of prolactin increased during the course of milking in both treatments. Premilking concentrations of cortisol and /?-endorphin were elevated in unfamiliar as compared with familiar surroundings. During the course of milking, cortisol increased slightly and /?-endorphin decreased in unfamiliar, whereas both hormones increased markedly during milking in familiar surroundings. We conclude that disturbed milk removal in unfamiliar surroundings is due to central inhibition of oxytocin release during normal milking and partly also to a response to vaginal stimulation. This blockade is jjossibly associated with elevated concentrations of /?-endorphin.

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“…Alveolar milk ejection, elicited by oxytocin (OT) released in response to teat stimulation, has been repeatedly demonstrated in dairy cows (Schams et al 1984;Gorewit & Gassman, 1985;Mayer et al 1991). Furthermore, the importance of an opportune OT release and induction of milk ejection before the start of machine milking for fast and complete milk removal was demonstrated in cows (Mayer et al 1984). In goats, the secretion of OT during hand milking has been demonstrated (Folley & Knaggs, 1966;Mosdol et al 1981;Seckl & Lightman, 1988), and milk ejection due to manual stimulation of the udder and in response to exogenous OT has also been demonstrated (Mosdol et al 1981;.…”

Section: Machine Milking Of Dairy Goats During Lactation: Udder Anatomentioning

confidence: 99%

Machine milking of dairy goats during lactation: udder anatomy, milking characteristics, and blood concentrations of oxytocin and prolactin

Bruckmaier

Ritter

Schams

et al. 1994

Journal of Dairy Research

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SUMMARY. Forty-four goats were milked and milk flow recorded without or with 1 min manual prestimulation in early, mid and late lactation. Ultrasound measurements of cross sections of the whole mammary gland were performed in a water bath. In additional experiments with 15 goats, milk flow was recorded and frequent blood samples were taken for the determination of oxytocin and prolactin concentrations. Milk yield increased from the first to the third lactation and decreased markedly during the course of lactation. Average and peak milk flow rates were closely related to the actual milk yield. The ultrasound cisternal area was 27-

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Secretion of oxytocin and milk removal as affected by milking cows with and without manual stimulation

Cited by 38 publications

References 11 publications

Optimization of Individual Prestimulation in Dairy Cows

Optimization of Individual Prestimulation in Dairy Cows

Milk removal in familiar and unfamiliar surroundings: concentrations of oxytocin, prolactin, cortisol andβ–endorphin

Machine milking of dairy goats during lactation: udder anatomy, milking characteristics, and blood concentrations of oxytocin and prolactin

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