Secretion of the type 2 peritrophic matrix protein, peritrophin‐15, from the cardia

Eisemann, C.H.; Wijffels, Gene; Tellam, Ross L.

doi:10.1002/arch.1038

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…These components subsequently associate with the PM, which lies along the tips of the epithelial cell Mv. 46 This is in agreement with our SEM images showing the PM is lining with the tips of the Mv and our observation that the diameter of the Mv tips is equal to the size of the PM pores. Interestingly, in CPB, RNAi-mediated silencing of ManIa, coding for an enzyme in the N-glycosylation pathway essential in the transition from high-mannose to paucimannose glycans, led to a smaller pore size of the PM compared to control insects.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

RNAi of Mannosidase‐Ia in the Colorado potato beetle and changes in the midgut and peritrophic membrane

Liu

Schutter

Far

et al. 2022

Pest Management Science

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Background: In addition to its role in the digestive system, the peritrophic membrane (PM) provides a physical barrier protecting the intestine from abrasion and against pathogens. Because of its sensitivity to RNA interference (RNAi), the notorious pest insect, the Colorado potato beetle (CPB, Leptinotarsa decemlineata), has become a model insect for functional studies. Previously, RNAi-mediated silencing of Mannosidase-Ia (ManIa), a key enzyme in the transition from high-mannose glycan moieties to paucimannose N-glycans, was shown to disrupt the transition from larva to pupa and the metamorphosis into adult beetles. While these effects at the organismal level were interesting in a pest control context, the effects at the organ or tissue level and also immune effects have not been investigated yet. To fill this knowledge gap, we performed an analysis of the midgut and PM in ManIa-silenced insects.Results: As marked phenotype, the ManIa RNAi insects, the PM pore size was found to be decreased when compared to the control GFP RNAi insects. These smaller pores are related to the observation of thinner microvilli (Mv) on the epithelial cells of the midgut of ManIa RNAi insects. A midgut and PM proteome study and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis with a selection of marker genes was performed to characterize the midgut cells and understand their response to the silencing of ManIa. In agreement with the loss of ManIa activity, an accumulation of high-mannose N-glycans was observed in the ManIa-silenced insects. As a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP), the presence of these glycan structures could trigger the activation of the immune pathways. Conclusion:The observed decrease in PM pore size could be a response to prevent potential pathogens to access the midgut epithelium. This hypothesis is supported by the strong increase in transcription levels of the anti-fungal peptide drosomycinlike in ManIa RNAi insects, although further research is required to elucidate this possibility. The potential immune response in the midgut and the smaller pore size in the PM shed a light on the function of the PM as a physical barrier and provide evidence for the relation between the Mv and PM.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

RNAi of Mannosidase‐Ia in the Colorado potato beetle and changes in the midgut and peritrophic membrane

Liu

Schutter

Far

et al. 2022

Pest Management Science

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“…In larval N. abietis, material used in the formation of the peritrophic membrane was observed being secreted by the cells of the cardia (proventriculus) and anterior and posterior midgut epithelium. The evolution of the cardia may be an adaptation allowing insects to produce large quantities of peritrophic membranes at a localized region of the gut [32]. In larval sawflies, the importance of abundant production of peritrophic membrane in the anterior region of the midgut would be for the protection of the midgut epithelium from abrasion by the jagged edges of the partially masticated food [31] and potentially harmful microbial pathogens while allowing for the passage of molecules (enzymes and products of digestion) between the endo-and ectoperitrophic spaces [30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histology of the LarvalNeodiprion abietis(Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) Digestive Tract

Lucarotti

Whittome-Waygood

Levin

2011

Psyche: A Journal of Entomology

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The alimentary canal ofNeodiprion abietislarvae is a straight tube divided into foregut, midgut, and hindgut. Posterior to the mouth, the foregut is further divided into the pharynx, esophagus (crop), and proventriculus, all of which are lined with cuticle. A pair of muscular, chitin-lined pouches branch off the anterior foregut and lie lateral to the alimentary canal. Gastric caeca are located at the anterior end of the midgut, where the peritrophic membrane is formed and was observed throughout the midgut. A single layer of midgut columnar epithelial cells abuts on the basal lamina at one end with microvilli extending into the gut lumen at the other. Nidi of regenerative cells were observed between columnar epithelial cells at the basal lamina. Malpighian tubules are attached to the posterior end of the midgut. The hindgut consists of the pylorus, a muscular ileum connecting to a bulbous rectum, which then opens to the anus.

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“…Their synthetic pathway has been studied in some detail (for example Eisemann, Wijffels and Tellam, 2001 ;Wijffels et al 2001). Unsurprisingly therefore, their presence has been described in other species Vuocolo et al 2001) and their usefulness as vaccine antigens in other species has been explored.…”

Section: N S E C T P a R A S I T E Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccination against ectoparasites

Willadsen

2006

Parasitology

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Ectoparasites of livestock are of great economic and social importance but their effective control remains difficult. The feasibility of vaccination as a novel control measure was established over a decade ago with the commercial release of a recombinant vaccine against the cattle tick Boophilus microplus. Since then, research has continued on ticks and other ectoparasites. While some ectoparasite species will undoubtedly be refractory to immunological control, for others there has been a steady accumulation of knowledge of partially protective antigens, now accelerating through the application of genomic technologies. Nevertheless, progress towards usable, commercially available vaccines has been limited by a number of factors. The number of highly effective antigens is still very small. Although some classes of antigen have been investigated in more detail than others, we have no systematic knowledge of what distinguishes an effective antigen. Much hope has been placed on the potential of multi-antigen mixtures to deliver the efficacy required of a successful vaccine but with little experimental evidence. The application of current knowledge across parasite and host species needs to be explored but little has been done. In most cases, the path to commercial delivery is uncertain. Although many constraints and challenges remain, the need for vaccines and our capacity to develop them can only increase.

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Secretion of the type 2 peritrophic matrix protein, peritrophin‐15, from the cardia

Cited by 17 publications

References 20 publications

RNAi of Mannosidase‐Ia in the Colorado potato beetle and changes in the midgut and peritrophic membrane

RNAi of Mannosidase‐Ia in the Colorado potato beetle and changes in the midgut and peritrophic membrane

Histology of the LarvalNeodiprion abietis(Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) Digestive Tract

Vaccination against ectoparasites

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