Secretoneurin: A marker in rat hippocampal pathways

Schwarzer, Christoph; Marksteiner, Josef; Kroesen, S.; Kohl, Claudia Adriana; Sperk, Günther; Winkler, Hans

doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19970106)377:1<29::aid-cne4>3.3.co;2-h

Cited by 3 publications

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“…In the rat hippocampus, the distribution of secretoneurin‐like immunoreactivity is characterized by a prominent staining in the area of the terminal field of mossy fibres with an obvious staining in the infrapyramidal area of CA3 and a strongly immunopositive band in the inner third of the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus (Marksteiner et al . 1993a; Schwarzer et al . 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a previous study, we have investigated the distribution of secretoneurin‐like immunoreactivity (‐IR) and secretogranin II mRNA expression in the rat hippocampus (Schwarzer et al . 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1997). The localization of secretoneurin‐IR provides strong evidence that secretoneurin is found preferentially in excitatory pathways including associational/commissural fibres (Schwarzer et al . 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The entorhinal cortex also contains a high density of secretoneurin‐IR and secretogranin II mRNA (Mahata et al . 1991; Schwarzer et al . 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synaptic loss reflected by secretoneurin‐like immunoreactivity in the human hippocampus in Alzheimer's disease

Kaufmann

Barnas

Humpel

et al. 1998

Eur J of Neuroscience

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Secretoneurin is a recently described peptide derived by endoproteolytic processing from secretogranin II, previously named chromogranin C. In this study, we have investigated the distribution of secretoneurin-like immunoreactivity in the human hippocampus in controls and in Alzheimer's disease patients, and compared the staining pattern to that of calretinin. Secretoneurin-like immunoreactivity is present throughout the hippocampal formation. At the border of the dentate molecular layer and the granule cell layer, a band of dense secretoneurin immunostaining appeared. In this part, as in the area of the CA2 sector, the high density of secretoneurin-immunoreactivity coincided with calretinin-like immunoreactivity. The mossy fibre system displayed a moderate density of secretoneurin-immunoreactivity. In the entorhinal cortex, a particularly high density of secretoneurin-immunoreactivity was observed. The density of secretoneurin-like immunoreactivity was significantly reduced in the innermost part of the molecular layer and in the outer molecular layer of the dentate gyrus in Alzheimer's disease. For calretinin-like immunoreactivity, a less pronounced decrease was found in the innermost part of the molecular layer. About 40-60% of neuritic plaques were secretoneurin-immunopositive. This study shows that secretoneurin is distinctly distributed in the human hippocampus and that significant changes of secretoneurin-like immunoreactivity occur in Alzheimer's disease, reflecting synaptic loss.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The entorhinal cortex also contains a high density of secretoneurin‐IR and secretogranin II mRNA (Mahata et al . 1991; Schwarzer et al . 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synaptic loss reflected by secretoneurin‐like immunoreactivity in the human hippocampus in Alzheimer's disease

Kaufmann

Barnas

Humpel

et al. 1998

Eur J of Neuroscience

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“…Among these, a neuropeptide derived from secretogranin II [4], secretoneurin (SN), has been discovered recently [11]. SN is distinctly expressed in the central and peripheral nervous system [9,10,15,16,17,18,19,29,31] and released by depolarization of cells in a calcium-dependent manner [32] and exerts a variety of functional effects [5]. High-affinity binding sites for SN have been found on human monocytes [13] and on a monocytic cell line [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated levels of secretoneurin in the rabbit aqueous humor in response to formaldehyde irritation

Kralinger

Hinterhölzl

Troger

et al. 2003

Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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The neuropeptide secretoneurin has been detected in the anterior segment of the eye for the first time. The elevation of secretoneurin in formaldehyde-treated eyes may be induced by an enhanced release from the iris/ciliary body complex, as formaldehyde is known to provoke neurogenic inflammation in the anterior segment via release of sensory peptides originating from the trigeminal ganglion. This is why our results indicate a sensory origin of secretoneurin in the eye.

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Chromogranins in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

et al. 2000

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Summary:Purpose: Chromogranins are neuropeptide precursors stored in large dense core vesicles. Because physiological functions have been postulated for peptides originating from chromogranins, we investigated the distribution of chromogranins A and B and secretoneurin (a peptide derived from secretogranin 11) in the control and epileptic hippocampus of humans and rats.Methods: Chromogranin immunoreactivity (IR) was investigated in paraformaldehyde-fixed hippocampal specimens from 24 temporal lobe epilepsy patients with intractable seizures, postmortem from 15 patients deceased from nonneurological disorders, in rats 30 days after kainate-induced limbic seizures, and in control rats.Results: In control rats and in humans, chromogranin A and B IR and secretoneurin IR were present in mossy fibers. In addition, chromogranin B IR was found in granule cells, and chromogranin A IR was found in granule and CA2 pyramidal cells in the human hippocampus. In both species, chromogranin B and secretoneurin were unevenly distributed in the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus. The most intriguing change seen in human temporal lobe epilepsy specimens and in the kainic acid model of the rat was the prominent staining of the inner molecular layer, indicating storage of chromogranins A and B and secretoneurin in terminals of reorganized mossy fibers, from which they may be released upon nerve stimulation. Chromogranins are acidic polypeptides with a wide distribution in the nervous and endocrine systems. They are named for their first isolation in secretory granules of chromaffine cells in the adrenal medulla (1). Members of this family are chromogranin A (CgA), chromogranin B (CgB), and secretogranin 11. They are stored in large dense core vesicles in which they are processed to smaller peptides (e.g., secretogranin I1 is processed to secretoneurin). Like classic neuropeptides, chromogranins are thought to be released upon neuronal stimulation and may exert their physiological functions at that time. Conclusion: ChromograninsIn the kainic acid model of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), marked changes in CgA and CgB messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were observed in granule cells of the dentate gyrus and in secretogranin I1 mRNA in pyramidal cells (2,3), suggesting a role for chromogranins in experimental epilepsy.There are limited data available on the distribution of chromogranins, on the protein level in the rat and human hippocampus, and on epilepsy-induced alterations (4-9). The goal of the present study was to investigate changes Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Susanne Kandlhofer at Department of Neurosurgery, University of Vienna, Wahringer Gurtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. E-mail: susanne.pirker@univie.ac.at in the distribution of chromogranins in the kainic acid model and in surgical specimens of TLE patients and to evaluate chromogranins as possible markers for hippocampal structures. MATERIALS AND METHODS The kainic acid model of temporal lobe epilepsyRats were injected with kainic acid (KA; 10 mgkg intrap...

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Secretoneurin: A marker in rat hippocampal pathways

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Synaptic loss reflected by secretoneurin‐like immunoreactivity in the human hippocampus in Alzheimer's disease

Synaptic loss reflected by secretoneurin‐like immunoreactivity in the human hippocampus in Alzheimer's disease

Elevated levels of secretoneurin in the rabbit aqueous humor in response to formaldehyde irritation

Chromogranins in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

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