Securing data on fiber optic transmission lines

Banjac, Zoran; Peric, Miroslav; Milicevic, Sasa

doi:10.1109/telfor.2012.6419362

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…However imperfection of the equipment used for the construction of these systems makes them vulnerable to wiretapping. This is involved with limitation of the safety and security of the data transmission, as confirmed by ongoing research [11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 91%

Optical fiber sensors as the primary element in the protection of critical infrastructure especially in optoelectronic transmission lines

Życzkowski

Szustakowski

Ciurapiński

et al. 2013

Safety and Security Engineering V

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The security systems of the wide area objects are dominated by fiber optic sensors, used primarily to perimeter protection as well as to the protection of vast objects such as pipelines. Critical infrastructure objects are not only industrial facilities but also the transmission lines. Authors present the sensor systems compared to sensors for extensive object security currently available on the market. The designed systems, such as double interferometer system as well as more and more popular QKD systems are sensors with distributed sensing field. These systems, described by authors in many publications, are excellent solutions for the protection of wide area infrastructural objects. Presented fiber sensors, besides sabotage detection also offer the possibility of locating the disturbance along many kilometers of the zone. The solution presented in this paper was designed to adapt well known solutions to the physical protection of the transmission line without interfering with the transmitted data. According to the knowledge of potential threats of fiber optic telecommunications, the authors present methods of protecting fiber optics telecommunication cable, and present their own solutions and describe their application possibilities.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 91%

Optical fiber sensors as the primary element in the protection of critical infrastructure especially in optoelectronic transmission lines

Życzkowski

Szustakowski

Ciurapiński

et al. 2013

Safety and Security Engineering V

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“…The phase selection is FIGURE 5 The control circuit block diagram conducted by using a 16 × 1 multiplexer. The number of clock phases can be increased by increasing the number of the delay units.…”

Section: Adcdr Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The number of clock phases used in the proposed architecture is 16. The phase selection is FIGURE 5 The control circuit block diagram conducted by using a 16 × 1 multiplexer. The phase selector block selects one of the generated clock phases depending on the output of the counter.…”

Section: Adcdr Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 One of the main figures of merits of the optical communication access networks is the transmission rate, which mainly depends on the transmission distance. 5 Clock and data recovery (CDR) solution is considered as one of the best techniques to increase the transmission distance and, correspondingly, the transmission rate. This SNR degradation is due to several reasons such as deduction in the signal power, shifting in the system clock, and fiber dispersion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, to increase the distance and accordingly the transmission rate, the SNR degradation reasons should be addressed, investigated, and resolved. 5 Clock and data recovery (CDR) solution is considered as one of the best techniques to increase the transmission distance and, correspondingly, the transmission rate. The CDR is capable of synchronizing and reshaping (regenerating) the data along the transmission line.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrical and optical clock and data recovery in optical access networks: a comparative study

AbdźEl-Khaleq

El-Sayed

Ismail

et al. 2016

Int J Communication

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Clock and data recovery (CDR) is an essential part in high-speed telecommunication systems. The CDR is used to extract the clock and re-time the received data, which allows a synchronous operation to recover the transmitted signal. In optical access networks, electrical CDR or optical CDR implementations can be used. However, there are no clear guidelines or recommendations on which CDR implementation should be adopted for better performance. These missing clear recommendations are because the electrical CDR requires electronics design expertise whereas the optical CDR requires optical design expertise. Consequently, in this paper, an all-digital CDR, designed and implemented on the field-programmable gate array platform, and an optical CDR, developed by using fiber Bragg grating technology on the OptiSystem platform, are presented. Furthermore, the integration of these 2 CDR implementations with the optical access network is implemented, and their performance is evaluated for various transmission rates and communication distances. Finally, a comparative study in terms of the bit error rate between the all-digital CDR and the optical CDR is presented. KEYWORDSclock and data recovery, fiber Bragg grating, field-programmable gate array, optical access network 1 Int. J. Commun. Syst. 2016; 29: 2555-2564 wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/dac

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