Securing the LoRaWAN join procedure using blockchains

Danish, Syed Muhammad; Lestas, Marios; Qureshi, Hassaan Khaliq; Zhang, Kaiwen; Asif, Waqar; Rajarajan, Muttukrishnan

doi:10.1007/s10586-020-03064-8

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…As the attack is not possible in LoRaWAN v1.1, using this version would solve the problem. If the system requires the usage of LoRaWAN v1.0, we recommend the following security measures that can be applied to reduce the impact: Avoiding clear patterns to server reboots and resetting devices at random times will make it impossible for the attacker to disconnect multiple devices at once, severely lowering the impact of the attack. Resort to block‐chains for EDs' authentication in real‐time could eliminate the attack possibility and build trust among LoRaWAN EDs and NSs 74 Modifying the join procedure to account for potential replays while keeping the existing packet structure; an exemplary method using two types of join‐requests is presented by Kim and Song 42 …”

Section: Vulnerabilities and Mitigationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

LoRaWAN security issues and mitigation options by the example of agricultural IoT scenarios

Kuntke

Romanenko

Linsner

et al. 2022

Trans Emerging Tel Tech

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a major trend that is seen as a great opportunity to improve efficiency in many domains, including agriculture. This technology could transform the sector, improving the management and quality of agricultural operations, for example, crop farming. The most promising data transmission standard for this domain seems to be Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN), a popular representative of low power wide area network technologies today. LoRaWAN, like any wireless protocol, has properties that can be exploited by attackers, which has been a topic of multiple research papers in recent years. By conducting a systematic literature review, we build a recent list of attacks, as well as collect mitigation options. Taking a look at a concrete use case (IoT in agriculture) allows us to evaluate the practicality of both exploiting the vulnerabilities and implementing the countermeasures. We detected 16 attacks that we grouped into six attack types. Along with the attacks, we collect countermeasures for attack mitigation. Developers can use our findings to minimize the risks when developing applications based on LoRaWAN. These mostly theoretical security recommendations should encourage future works to evaluate the mitigations in practice.

show abstract

Section: Vulnerabilities and Mitigationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Resort to block‐chains for EDs' authentication in real‐time could eliminate the attack possibility and build trust among LoRaWAN EDs and NSs 74 …”

Section: Vulnerabilities and Mitigationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

LoRaWAN security issues and mitigation options by the example of agricultural IoT scenarios

Kuntke

Romanenko

Linsner

et al. 2022

Trans Emerging Tel Tech

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…To protect the join procedure against jamming and replay attacks, a blockchain-based LoRaWAN architecture is also proposed by the authors in [11]. In the proposed architecture, the blockchain nodes are the the Network Servers in the LoRAWAN.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Fault-Tolerant and Secure Architecture for Key Management in LoRaWAN Based on Permissioned Blockchain

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Low-Power Wide-Area Network (LPWAN) is a new type of wireless technology that offers long range communication for devices in the Internet of Things (IoT) and LoRaWAN is one of the main technologies currently available to enable LPWAN environments. In the LoRaWAN architecture, the Join Server is a key component and is responsible for security tasks, such as authentication and key management. However, the Join Server acts as a Single Point of Failure (SPOF) since all encryption keys are stored centrally. Then, this paper presents a secure and fault-tolerant architecture to increase the levels of security and availability in LoRaWAN. A permissioned blockchain and smart contracts are used to replace the Join Server and solve the SPOF problem. A working prototype was created using open-source tools in order to evaluate the feasibility of the proposed architecture. Additionally, the performance of a blockchain network was analyzed in a cloud environment under multiple workloads and fault-tolerance experiments were performed to evaluate the impact of network failures. The results show a trade-off between availability and performance when choosing the number of blockchain peers in small scenarios. However, this behavior is reversed in large scenarios where the performance of multiple peers is best suited.

show abstract

“…Although voting with blockchain is not perfect, it can make a big difference. Danish et al [25]believed one of the security issues is the replay attacks that occur when connecting to the LoRaWAN network. Blockchain can provide a way to join LoRaWAN networks to develop a reliable and trustworthy authentication system for LoRaWAN networks.…”

Section: Research Background and Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Blockchain-Based Voting System for E-Elections in Totalitarian States

shafiabadi¹

2021

AJBOR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The purpose of the present research was to introduce a blockchain-based voting system so that any state, including totalitarian states, can show interest in using it. In this method, a hybrid voting system with two centralized and distributed systems was used. Its centralized system is one of the most common voter identification and polling models, and its distributed system, which is designed with Ethereum public blockchain, is voting for voters. Totalitarian states are not interested in announcing the results online. Also, the lack of trust in E-voting systems by both states and voters has led to E-voting in important political elections in most states as support for manual or paper voting. Based on the results of field research with this voting system, it was possible to create a 7 min break between the end of the voting process and the announcement of the results for political considerations. This break can be increased by agreement. The results of the votes cannot be manipulated in any way. Survey results should also be communicated to voters before the voting process. This voting system can improve the level of democracy and maximum participation. It is hoped that the spread of distributed technologies, especially the blockchain, will pave the way for the spread of justice and democracy around the world.

show abstract

Securing the LoRaWAN join procedure using blockchains

Cited by 20 publications

References 22 publications

LoRaWAN security issues and mitigation options by the example of agricultural IoT scenarios

LoRaWAN security issues and mitigation options by the example of agricultural IoT scenarios

A Fault-Tolerant and Secure Architecture for Key Management in LoRaWAN Based on Permissioned Blockchain

A Blockchain-Based Voting System for E-Elections in Totalitarian States

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About