Security and Privacy Concerns About the RFID Layer of EPC Gen2 Networks

García-Alfaro, Joaquín; Herrera-Joancomartí, Jordi; Melià-Seguí, Joan

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-09885-2_17

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Passive tags are small, cheap, and ultra-low power consumption, these features making them suitable for massive deployment environments and hard to reach use cases. However, this technology suffers from a low communication range (10 m) [ 107 ].…”

Section: Iot Technologies and Energy Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review on Energy Harvesting Integration in IoT Systems from MAC Layer Perspective: Challenges and Opportunities

Famitafreshi

Afaqui

Melià-Seguí

2021

Sensors

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The Internet of Things (IoT) is revolutionizing technology in a wide variety of areas, from smart healthcare to smart transportation. Due to the increasing trend in the number of IoT devices and their different levels of energy requirements, one of the significant concerns in IoT implementations is powering up the IoT devices with conventional limited lifetime batteries. One efficient solution to prolong the lifespan of these implementations is to integrate energy harvesting technologies into IoT systems. However, due to the characteristics of the energy harvesting technologies and the different energy requirements of the IoT systems, this integration is a challenging issue. Since Medium Access Control (MAC) layer operations are the most energy-consuming processes in wireless communications, they have undergone different modifications and enhancements in the literature to address this issue. Despite the essential role of the MAC layer to efficiently optimize the energy consumption in IoT systems, there is a gap in the literature to systematically understand the possible MAC layer improvements allowing energy harvesting integration. In this survey paper, we provide a unified framework for different wireless technologies to measure their energy consumption from a MAC operation-based perspective, returning the essential information to select the suitable energy harvesters for different communication technologies within IoT systems. Our analyses show that only 23% of the presented protocols in the literature fulfill Energy Neutral Operation (ENO) condition. Moreover, 48% of them are based on the hybrid approaches, which shows its capability to be adapted to energy harvesting. We expect this survey paper to lead researchers in academia and industry to understand the current state-of-the-art of energy harvesting MAC protocols for IoT and improve the early adoption of these protocols in IoT systems.

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Section: Iot Technologies and Energy Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review on Energy Harvesting Integration in IoT Systems from MAC Layer Perspective: Challenges and Opportunities

Famitafreshi

Afaqui

Melià-Seguí

2021

Sensors

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“…On the other hand, there are still latent problems in the EPCglobal Network architecture that must be solved to reach a proper functioning: global network synchronization, scalability, security access to the EPC-IS and ONS, and so on. There are some outstanding works in the scientific literature that attempt to minimize and address these problems [46][47][48][49][50]. …”

Section: Radio Frequency Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This entails that both parties have to manage certificates of authorization for accessing to the EPC-IS, ONS, among others. In addition, for the reader-to-tag communications, a data encryption algorithm must be used and shared by the parties, suppliers, and supermarket [50][51][52].…”

Section: Guide Of Good Practices For Implementing An Rfid-uhf System mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Case Study: Installing RFID Systems in Supermarkets

Bueno-Delgado¹,

Burrull²,

Pavón‐Mariño³

2017

Radio Frequency Identification

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Radio frequency identification technology (RFID) is considered as the reference technology for wireless identification and item traceability. Supermarkets are one of those scenarios where the RFID potential can be harnessed. In theory, RFID in supermarkets shows several advantages compared with traditional barcode systems, offering real-time inventory, stock control, cash queues, among others. In practice, its massive and global implementation is still being delayed due to the high quantity of factors that degrade the RFID system performance in these scenarios, causing uncontrolled items and identification losses and, at the end, economical losses. Some works in the scientific literature studied a single or a set of problems related to RFID performance, mostly focused on a specific communication layer: antennas and hardware design, interferences at physical layer, medium access control (MAC) protocols, security issues, or middleware challenges. However, there are no works describing in depth the set of factors affecting RFID performance in a specific scenario and contemplating the entire communication layer stack. The first challenge of this chapter is to provide a complete analysis of those physical and environmental factors, hardware and software limitations, and standard and regulation restrictions that have a direct impact on the RFID system performance in supermarkets. This analysis is addressed by communication layers, paying attention to the point of view of providers, supermarket companies, and final customers. Some of the most feasible and influential research works that address individual problems are also enumerated. Finally, taking the results extracted from this study, this chapter provides a Guide of Good Practices (GGPs), giving a global vision for addressing a successful RFID implementation project, useful for researchers, developers, and installers.

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“…Data Encryption and tag authentication can minimize this attack[14]. A VLFSR function for lightweight encryption security which provides resistance against various attacks on RFID is proposed in[15] MITM attacks are also known as Relay attacks which are occurred during data transmission. Kfir and Wool give names to two communicating devices; these names are Leech and Ghost.…”

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confidence: 99%

Deployment of IoT based smart environment : key issues and challenges

Sehrawat

Gill

2018

IJET

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The Internet of Things (IoT) is viewed as a dynamic technological revolution representing future communications and computing in several areas. It introduces physical objects in the sphere of cyber world. IoT is not about a single technology but various complementary technological developments which provides ways to bridge the gap between the real world and the virtual world. A number of wireless sensor technologies are implemented in IoT viz. RFID, ZigBee, actuators, WiFi and wireless sensor networks (WSNs). This paper presents various key technologies involved in IoT and its detailed architecture. IoT architecture explains function of each layer with respect to the technologies and the devices that surround each layer. Each layer has its specific security issues. This paper presents various security threats related to each IoT layer and the specific security requirements. Information security, data protection, and user's privacy are among important key areas in IoT. This paper in the nutshell presents new challenges posed by IoT so that further work can be undertaken in creating a robust, efficient and smart environment for IoT based applications.

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Security and Privacy Concerns About the RFID Layer of EPC Gen2 Networks

Cited by 13 publications

References 35 publications

A Comprehensive Review on Energy Harvesting Integration in IoT Systems from MAC Layer Perspective: Challenges and Opportunities

A Comprehensive Review on Energy Harvesting Integration in IoT Systems from MAC Layer Perspective: Challenges and Opportunities

Case Study: Installing RFID Systems in Supermarkets

Deployment of IoT based smart environment : key issues and challenges

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