Security challenges of blockchain in Internet of things: Systematic literature review

Abstract

Since security is the most important issue in the Internet of things (IoT) and blockchain (BC), this article aims to identify, analyze, and organize the literature about security in the IoT and BC context up to August 2020 and proposes an agenda for future research. The 39 related articles have been ranked into three main categories, smart city, data management and information, and architecture and framework. The findings showed that the distinctive technical aspects of BC might impressively find a solution for privacy and security problems encountering the IoT development, supply distributed storage, transparency, trust, and other support for IoT. It is conducted to form a valid, impressive, and secure distributed IoT network and supply a beneficial guarantee for the security of IoT users. Since the devices of IoT are simply reachable, a BC‐depended solution can be executed, which may certify the confidentiality and safety of the info preserved in the devices. In addition, BC technology facilitates the secure sharing of IoT datasets and secure IoT systems. However, blockchains require more computational strength and high bandwidth and are not perfectly proper for many resource‐restricted IoT devices.

Innovation Trajectories for a Society 5.0

“…These devices are based on standardized communication protocols, which allow for the sharing and exchange of information across heterogeneous platforms. Consequently, the IoT improves the interactivity and efficiency of critical infrastructures, such as those used in transport [31,45,55], in security [19,56,57], in education [16], and in healthcare [20,58]. Furthermore, IoT allows physical objects to mimic human characteristics, such as sight and hearing [59,60], the decision-making process for communicating [25,61], and the sharing of information and the coordination of actions with each other [23,46,48].…”

“…Finally, the infrastructures were set as an additional objective. The deterioration of public infrastructure has created a shortage of skilled labor and an increased financial burden for inspections and maintenance [56,57]. In this sense, the technology provides support to minimize unexpected accidents and reduce the time spent on construction work, while increasing safety and productivity [22,59].…”

Security, Privacy, and Reliability in Digital Healthcare Systems Using Blockchain

“…A doctor can add an EHR to the blockchain for a patient, and it can also be provided for future usage. Medical sensors are used in such applications to gather sensor data [36]. Most developed countries, such as China, the USA, and the UK, are integrating blockchain with their digital healthcare systems because, it helps in the transformation from a traditional medical system towards a digital healthcare system.…”

“…The blockchain-technology-based IoT supports flexible access control policies for users who want to securely access data from the IoT. Blockchain is an important technology for the administration and storage of the metadata of patients, smart healthcare, and clinician data [36]. Recently, blockchain technology has been used to increase the applications of IoT technology.…”

Security enhancement technologies for smart contracts in the blockchain: A survey

“…By taking advantage of the blockchain, smart contract, a concept that was originated in the 1990s, has gradually gained widespread attention from both the academia and the industry. Smart contracts can facilitate the construction of decentralized applications, which expands the application of blockchain to areas that are way beyond the cryptocurrency, such as healthcare, [7][8][9] Internet of Things (IoT), [10][11][12][13][14] digital identity, 15,16 copyright protection, 17 voting, 18 economy sharing, 19,20 and many others. [21][22][23][24][25][26][27] However, with the rapid development and application of smart contracts, many security issues have emerged.…”