Sedative effects of intramuscular alfaxalone in pet guinea pigs ( Cavia porcellus )

d’Ovidio, Dario; Marino, Francesco; Noviello, Emilio; Lanaro, Enrico; Monticelli, Paolo; Adami, Chiara

doi:10.1016/j.vaa.2017.08.004

Cited by 22 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…Recently, it was reported that a single intramuscular (IM) administration of alfaxalone-HPCD produces a dose-dependent sedative effect in dogs and cats [14,15,16]. Alfaxalone-HPCD has been also used successfully with IM route in a wide variety of exotic animal species including rabbits [3, 5, 7, 9]. In rabbits, Huynh et al [6] reported that a single IM doses of alfaxalone-HPCD provided a dose-dependent sedation and recommended the doses of 4 to 6 mg/kg with oxygen support.…”

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confidence: 99%

Sedative and physiological effects of low-dose intramuscular alfaxalone in rabbits

Ishikawa

Sakata

Tachibana

et al. 2019

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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To evaluate sedative and physiological effects of low dose intramuscular (IM) alfaxalone, six healthy rabbits were administered single IM doses of alfaxalone at 1mg/kg (IM1), 2.5 mg/kg (IM2.5), or 5 mg/kg (IM5) with a minimum of 7-day washout period. Sedative effects were subjectively evaluated using a composite measure scoring system (maximum sedation score of 16) and pulse rate, respiratory rate, non-invasive blood pressure, and percutaneous oxygen-hemoglobin saturation were measured before and after IM alfaxalone. Loss of righting reflex (LRR) was achieved in all rabbits after IM2.5 and IM5 treatments but in only three rabbits after IM1 treatment. Median (interquartile range) times to LRR were 16 min (15–17), 6 min (6–6), and 4 min (4–4), and median durations of LRR were 0.5 min (0–7), 22.5 min (19–27), and 53 min (48–58) after IM1, IM2.5, and IM5 treatments, respectively. The duration of LRR after IM5 treatment was significantly longer than those after IM1and IM2.5 treatments ( P <0.01). Median value of total sedation scores peaked at 10 min [score 3.5 (3–4)], from 10 min [score 13.5 (12–14)] to 15 min [score 13.5 (12–14)], and from 10 min [score 15 (12–15)] to 15 min [score 15 (14–15)] after IM1, IM2.5, and IM5 treatments, respectively. No rabbit showed circulatory depression and apnea although respiratory rate decreased after IM 2.5 and IM5 treatments. In conclusion, alfaxalone produced a dose-dependent sedative effect and a deep sedation was achieved by alfaxalone at 2.5 mg/kg IM in rabbits.

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confidence: 99%

Sedative and physiological effects of low-dose intramuscular alfaxalone in rabbits

Ishikawa

Sakata

Tachibana

et al. 2019

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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“…2012 ; d’Ovidio et al. 2018 ) and oxygen delivery was performed through a tightly fitting face mask. The ventral abdomen, from sternum to inguinal area, was clipped and aseptically prepared for surgery in a standard fashion.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All animals were anaesthetised with intramuscular alfaxalone (Alfaxan 1%; Jurox, UK) (5 mg/kg BW), divided in multiple sites of administration (maximum of 0.05 mL/kg BW per site) (Turner et al 2011;Suckow et al 2012;d'Ovidio et al 2018) and oxygen delivery was performed through a tightly fitting face mask. The ventral abdomen, from sternum to inguinal area, was clipped and aseptically prepared for surgery in a standard fashion.…”

Section: Imaging Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasound-guided percutaneous antegrade pyelography for suspected ureteral obstruction in 6 pet guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus)

d’Ovidio¹,

Pirrone

Donnelly

et al. 2020

Veterinary Quarterly

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Objectives: To describe the feasibility and safety of ultrasound-guided percutaneous antegrade pyelography (US-PAP) in pet guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) with suspected ureteral obstruction. Materials and methods: Six adult pet guinea pigs (4 females and 2 males, all intact) were evaluated for suspected ureteral obstruction. The mean weight of the guinea pigs was 0.8 ± 0.25 kg (range 0.4-1.1 kg), and mean age was 4.07 ± 1.63 years (range 2-7 years). All animals were free from comorbid diseases, had clinical signs of urologic disease and were referred based on either strong clinical suspicion of, or diagnostic imaging of ureteral obstruction. Data on signalment and clinical examination findings, response to anaesthesia and imaging findings were recorded. Results: Partial ureteral obstruction was confirmed in all guinea pigs but one, in which a complete ureteral obstruction occurred. Uroliths were in both ureters of 5 cases and in both the left renal pelvis and ureters in 1 case. All guinea pigs showed a normal appetite and regular defaecation within 2 h following the procedure. No intraoperative or immediate postoperative complications were encountered after the procedure. The only complication was contrast medium leakages in the subcapsular perinephric, retroperitoneal and, in one case, peritoneal space, which caused no overt clinical consequences afterwards. In one male patient, mobilisation of the ureteral calculus occurred and the urolith was found in the urinary bladder on the radiograph taken after contrast medium injection. Clinical significance: The US-PAP technique is a useful, safe and easy-to-perform diagnostic tool in guinea pigs with hydronephrosis and hydroureter.

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“…Alfaxalone is an injectable neuroactive steroidal anaesthetic that has been used to induce anaesthesia in several domestic animals and rodents. It is licensed in dogs and cats for intravenous use although the intramuscular route has been reported in other species including rabbits and guinea pigs 10 11 . In rabbits and guinea pigs the heart and respiratory rates after intramuscular alfaxalone 5 mg/kg and 4–6 mg/kg remain close to the normal limits for the species 10 11 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…It is licensed in dogs and cats for intravenous use although the intramuscular route has been reported in other species including rabbits and guinea pigs 10 11 . In rabbits and guinea pigs the heart and respiratory rates after intramuscular alfaxalone 5 mg/kg and 4–6 mg/kg remain close to the normal limits for the species 10 11 . Co‐administration of alfaxalone with other sedatives and anaesthetic drugs has been reported to cause cardiovascular and respiratory depression particularly if administered intravenously, 12–14 so lower doses are used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of alfaxalone and dexmedetomidine for intramuscular restraint in European hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus)

et al. 2019

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The European hedgehogs may require the use of chemical restraint for clinical examination because of their tendency to roll up as a defensive behaviour. This study evaluated the effects of alfaxalone combined with dexmedetomidine for restraint of hedgehogs undergoing pre-release health checks and atipamezole for recovery.Twenty hedgehogs received alfaxalone 2 mg/kg and dexmedetomidine 0.05 mg/kg intramuscularly in the quadriceps. If the righting reflex was still present, both drugs were administered at half of the initial doses. A semiquantitative scale scored sedation; clinical variables evaluated included pulse rate, respiratory rate, arterial haemoglobin oxygen saturation, end-tidal CO2 and body temperature.The righting reflex disappeared between 141 and 880 seconds. Overweight animals required one additional injection to achieve adequate relaxation. Pulse rate decreased during the procedure and increased after atipamezole administration. Respiratory rate and end-tidal CO2 did not change statistically throughout the procedure but one hedgehog showed haemoglobin oxygen saturation lower than 90%. Recovery after atipamezole was smooth and complete. Body temperature decreased over time.The sedation protocol may represent an effective combination to restrain European hedgehogs and atipamezole provides a rapid antagonism. Additional sedatives administration may be required in overweight animals and an external source of oxygen should be available.

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Sedative effects of intramuscular alfaxalone in pet guinea pigs ( Cavia porcellus )

Cited by 22 publications

References 24 publications

Sedative and physiological effects of low-dose intramuscular alfaxalone in rabbits

Sedative and physiological effects of low-dose intramuscular alfaxalone in rabbits

Ultrasound-guided percutaneous antegrade pyelography for suspected ureteral obstruction in 6 pet guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus)

Evaluation of alfaxalone and dexmedetomidine for intramuscular restraint in European hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus)

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