Sediment-hosted geothermal systems: Review and first global mapping

Procesi, M.; Ciotoli, Giancarlo; Mazzini, Adriano; Etiope, Giuseppe

doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.03.020

Cited by 50 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…Ambient noise tomography revealed a connection between the Arjuno‐Welirang magma chamber and the Lusi conduit at around 4.5‐km depth, indicating the migration of magmatic and hydrothermal fluids toward the sedimentary basin (Fallahi et al, ). These results confirmed that Lusi is indeed not a mud volcano but rather a sediment‐hosted geothermal system (Mazzini & Etiope, ; Procesi et al, ). Sampling from the fumaroles of the Arjuno‐Welirang volcanic complex provided further evidence of the connection between these two eruptive systems (Inguaggiato et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Mantle‐Derived Fluids in the East Java Sedimentary Basin, Indonesia

et al. 2019

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The Tertiary back‐arc sedimentary basin in East Java (Indonesia) hosts a large variety of piercement structures and hydrocarbon fields. Some of the latter (Wunut, Tanggulangin, Carat, Watudakon) are located a few kilometers away from the Arjuno‐Welirang volcanic complex and neighboring Lusi, the largest active sediment‐hosted hydrothermal system on Earth. In order to investigate interactions between volcanic and sedimentary settings, we performed gas sampling on these four shallow (200‐ to 1,000‐m depth) petroleum fields. The fields around Lusi are dominated by thermogenic gas that was altered during biodegradation processes. The helium isotope ratios (3He/4He) are as high as 6.7 RA, which is remarkably similar to those measured at the fumaroles of the adjacent volcanic complex (R = 7.3 RA) and at the Lusi site (up to 6.5 RA). This highlights the pervasive outgassing of mantle‐derived fluids in the sedimentary basin. Despite these two systems sharing the same mantle‐derived helium source, their hydrocarbons have two different genetic histories: Lusi hydrocarbon gas has been more recently generated and is less molecularly and isotopically fractionated, while the gas trapped in the reservoirs is older and more altered. Unlike Lusi, the hydrocarbon fields contain small amounts of CO2 resulting from biodegradation processes. The Watukosek fault system, originating from the Arjuno‐Welirang volcanic complex and extending toward the northeast of Java, intersects Lusi and the hydrocarbon fields. This network of faults controls the migration of mantle‐derived fluids within the sedimentary basin, feeding the focused venting at the Lusi site and promoting the slower and pervasive migration in the reservoirs.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Mantle‐Derived Fluids in the East Java Sedimentary Basin, Indonesia

et al. 2019

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“…In addition, coalbed gases (CO 2 and CH 4 ) are primarily microbial in origin with δ 13 C CH4 values from − 70 to − 40‰, indicating microbial CO 2 reduction and acetate fermentation [44]. Procesi et al [75] provide an overview and the first global mapping of CO 2 and methane in sediment-hosted geothermal systems, i.e., hybrid geological systems, where volcanic and sedimentary domains interact to produce inorganic and organic gases. Biodegradation of organic matter in the Velenje basin is also related to the unexpected organoarsenic compounds found in gelified detrital lignite [46,76,77].…”

Section: Origin Of Co 2 and Evidence Of Organic Matter Degradation Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of geochemical processes on groundwater in the Velenje coal basin, Slovenia: insights from mineralogy, trace elements and isotopes signatures

et al. 2019

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This study investigated the mineralogical and isotopic composition of groundwater and precipitation to identify and constrain geochemical processes within stacked Pliocene and Triassic aquifers in the Velenje coal basin. Scanning electron microscopy combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopic analysis revealed that suspended matter in the Pliocene aquifer consists of feldspars and quartz, while dolomite, calcite and feldspars are present in the aquifer dewatering Triassic strata. The concentrations of trace elements in Triassic and Pliocene aquifers range from highest to lowest Zn > Fe > Ni > Al > Ba > Mn > B>Li > Mo > As with the majority of trace element concentrations below international drinking water health guidelines. Multivariate principal component analysis indicated that concentrations of Mn, Ba, Eu, Cs, Y, Li and T, pH, conductivity and dissolved oxygen in samples were the best chemical parameter for distinguishing the two aquifers. A significant positive correlation (p < 0.05) was found between Ni, Mn, Co, Zn, As and Mo. Groundwater in the Pliocene aquifer likely has an external source of carbon based on the δ 13 C CO2 values (− 12.3 to − 3.6‰). The groundwater also has detectable levels of dissolved methane with isotopic values (− 77.7 to − 51.4‰ δ 13 C CH4 ; − 247 to − 162‰ δ 2 H CH4) consistent with microbial methanogenesis. The groundwater in the Triassic aquifer has tritium values (up to 4.1 TU 3 H) characteristic of modern recharge (< 50 years), while the lack of detectable 3 H (0 TU) in the Pliocene aquifer is consistent with longer residence times.

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“…A wealth of scientific evidence indicates that such rapid release of sediment-derived 12 C-enriched gas to the atmosphere may have contributed to triggering rapid climate change and extinction events since 260 Ma (Svensen et al, 2018 and references therein). Active hydrothermal vent systems, driven by the same processes as described above, are also currently active on Earth and are termed sediment-hosted hydrothermal systems (Mazzini and Etiope, 2017;Procesi et al, 2019). Currently, active sites are documented in the Guaymas Basin Rift Zone-Gulf of California (Pacific Ocean), in the Salton Sea geothermal field (California), within the Tiber Delta, at Fiumicino (central Italy), and in the Songliao Basin (northern China) (e.g., Helgeson, 1968;Welhan and Lupton, 1987;Mazzini et al, 2011;Berndt et al, 2016;Ciotoli et al, 2016;Shuai et al, 2018;Procesi et al, 2019).…”

Section: Modern and Fossil Hydrothermal Vent Systems On Earthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Active hydrothermal vent systems, driven by the same processes as described above, are also currently active on Earth and are termed sediment-hosted hydrothermal systems (Mazzini and Etiope, 2017;Procesi et al, 2019). Currently, active sites are documented in the Guaymas Basin Rift Zone-Gulf of California (Pacific Ocean), in the Salton Sea geothermal field (California), within the Tiber Delta, at Fiumicino (central Italy), and in the Songliao Basin (northern China) (e.g., Helgeson, 1968;Welhan and Lupton, 1987;Mazzini et al, 2011;Berndt et al, 2016;Ciotoli et al, 2016;Shuai et al, 2018;Procesi et al, 2019). Today the largest active vent system is the Indonesian Lusi eruption (active since May 2006) that has been targeted by numerous multidisciplinary studies to fill the knowledge gap between modern and ancient hybrid systems (e.g., Mazzini et al, 2012;Fallahi et al, 2017;Lupi et al, 2018;Malvoisin et al, 2018;Mazzini, 2018;Miller and Mazzini, 2018).…”

Section: Modern and Fossil Hydrothermal Vent Systems On Earthmentioning

confidence: 99%