Sediment Transport Model for Seepage Erosion of Streambank Sediment

Fox, Garey A.; Wilson, George Grafton; Periketi, R. K.; Cullum, R. F.

doi:10.1061/(asce)1084-0699(2006)11:6(603)

Cited by 109 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…It occurs during the descending phase of the hydrograph, when the water table can be higher than the river stage. The erosion features observed in our experiments are similar to those classified as seepage-induced erosion and associated to a seepage outflow in many studies (Howard and McLane, 1988;Fox et al, 2006Fox et al, , 2007Wilson et al, 2007;Lindow et al, 2009). In our study these features, however, have been always observed during the rising phase of the hydrograph, with a gradient from the river into the bank.…”

Section: Erosion and Failures Because Of The Loss Of Matric Suctionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The front side is constructed of a zinc platted door to allow for the construction of the bank inside the tank. A smaller reservoir is included on the back of the tank to maintain a given water head during the experiments, with a porous plate separating the reservoir from the main body of the tank ("lysimeter" modality, according to the experimental setup developed by Fox et al, 2006). This experimental layout was designed to reproduce the effects of: (1) movement of water from the river into the bank and vice versa, and consequent changes in pore water pressures; (2) lateral confining water pressures; and (3) possible seepage induced erosion by groundwater gradients towards the river, in case of imposing a water head higher than the river stage in the reservoir back of the bank (this option was not used in the experiments described here).…”

Section: Experimental Setup and Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, various works have been carried out to investigate dam-break flow and associated downstream sand bank failures (Spinewine et al, 2002;Soares-Frazao et al, 2007;Spinewine and Zech, 2007;Zech et al, 2008). Other works have carried out experiments on small scale banks composed of finegrained, sandy sediments, with specific focus on the occurrence of seepage erosion processes because of seepage flow gradients and related mass failures (Howard and McLane, 1988;Fox et al, 2006Fox et al, , 2007Wilson et al, 2007;Lindow et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An experimental investigation on mass failures occurring in a riverbank composed of sandy gravel

2012

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This paper reports the results and interpretation of laboratory experiments carried out on a model of a relatively coarse (sandy gravel) riverbank, with the aim of investigating the basic processes and possible factors of instability. After a series of initial tests, three main experiments were carried out in a glass walled tank, where a bank model was built with bank angles varying from 75°to 90°, bank height of 70 cm, and same sediment mixture (60% gravel, 40% sand), but with the addition of 1% of cement in the third experiment only. During the experiments, the bank was subject to a given hydrograph associated with a static oscillation of the water level and corresponding variations in pore water pressures were measured. Results show the occurrence of a large variety of processes (including erosion and failures because of loss of matric suction, cantilever, slab and slide failures, and granular flows) during the ascending phase of the hydrograph. Bank instability was related to a superimposition of initial (geometric) factors, and progressive reduction of apparent cohesion during the rising water stage. Apparent cohesion was sufficient to maintain a stable bank in loose material, but only for low bank height and/or slopes, whereas a limited percentage of cement is able to explain a markedly different response in terms of stability and mechanisms of failure.

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Section: Erosion and Failures Because Of The Loss Of Matric Suctionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Experimental Setup and Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An experimental investigation on mass failures occurring in a riverbank composed of sandy gravel

2012

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“…Progress has also been made in understanding and quantifying the effects of seepage erosion on mass failures [Fox et al, 2006Wilson et al, 2007].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical simulation of hydrodynamics and bank erosion in a river bend

Rinaldi

Mengoni²,

Luppi

et al. 2008

Water Resources Research

204

141

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[1] We present an integrated analysis of bank erosion in a high-curvature bend of the gravel bed Cecina River (central Italy). Our analysis combines a model of fluvial bank erosion with groundwater flow and bank stability analyses to account for the influence of hydraulic erosion on mass failure processes, the key novel aspect being that the fluvial erosion model is parameterized using outputs from detailed hydrodynamic simulations. The results identify two mechanisms that explain how most bank retreat usually occurs after, rather than during, flood peaks. First, in the high curvature bend investigated here the maximum flow velocity core migrates away from the outer bank as flow discharge increases, reducing sidewall boundary shear stress and fluvial erosion at peak flow stages. Second, bank failure episodes are triggered by combinations of pore water and hydrostatic confining pressures induced in the period between the drawdown and rising phases of multipeaked flow events.

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“…Therefore variables that aren't included in BSTEM, namely porosity and permeability, would likely be significant. Although seepage erosion has been directly quantified (Fox et al, 2007b), only early attempts have been made at developing regression models (Fox et al, 2007a(Fox et al, , 2006 and mechanistic models (Chu-Agor et al, 2008aFox and Felice, 2014) to predict erosion rates. Subaerial processes are controlled by freeze/thaw and wetting/drying cycles which loosens exposed soil (Couper and Maddock, 2001;Couper, 2003).…”

Section: Limitations Of This Study and Bstemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncertainty and sensitivity in a bank stability model: implications for estimating phosphorus loading

Lammers

Bledsoe

Langendoen

2016

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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UNCERTAINTY AND SENSITIVITY IN A BANK STABILITY MODEL: IMPLICATIONS FOR ESTIMATING PHOSPHORUS LOADINGEutrophication of aquatic ecosystems is one of the most pressing water quality concerns in the U.S. and around the world. Bank erosion has been largely overlooked as a source of nutrient loading, despite field studies demonstrating that this source can account for the majority of the total phosphorus budget of a watershed. Substantial effort has been made to develop mechanistic models to predict bank erosion and instability in stream systems; however, these models do not account for inherent natural variability in input values. Providing only single output values with no quantification of associated uncertainty can complicate management decisions focused on reducing bank erosion and nutrient loading to streams. To address this issue, uncertainty and sensitivity analyses were performed on the Bank Stability and Toe Erosion Model (BSTEM), a mechanistic model developed by the USDA-ARS that simulates both mass wasting (stability) and fluvial erosion of streambanks. Sensitivity analysis results indicate that variable influence on model output can vary depending on assumed input distributions.Generally, bank height, soil cohesion, and plant species were found to be most influential in determining stability of clay (cohesive) banks. In addition to these three inputs, groundwater elevation, stream stage, and bank angle were also identified as important in sand (non-cohesive) banks. Slope and bank height are the dominant variables in fluvial erosion modeling, while erodibility and critical shear stress are relatively unimportant. However, the threshold effect of critical shear stress (determining whether erosion occurs) was not explicitly accounted for, ii possibly explaining the relatively low sensitivity indices for this variable. Model output distributions of sediment and phosphorus loading rates corresponded well to ranges published in the literature, helping validate both model performance and selected ranges of input values. In addition, a probabilistic modeling approach was applied to data from a watershed-scale sediment and phosphorus loading study on the Missisquoi River, Vermont to quantify uncertainty associated with these published results. While our estimates indicated that bank erosion was likely a significant source of sediment and phosphorus to the watershed in question, the uncertainty associated with these predictions indicates that they should probably be considered order of magnitude estimates only.iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

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Sediment Transport Model for Seepage Erosion of Streambank Sediment

Cited by 109 publications

References 29 publications

An experimental investigation on mass failures occurring in a riverbank composed of sandy gravel

An experimental investigation on mass failures occurring in a riverbank composed of sandy gravel

Numerical simulation of hydrodynamics and bank erosion in a river bend

Uncertainty and sensitivity in a bank stability model: implications for estimating phosphorus loading

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