Sedimentary and geochemical signature of the 2016 Kaikōura Tsunami at Little Pigeon Bay: A depositional benchmark for the Banks Peninsula region, New Zealand

Williams, Shaun; Zhang, Tianran; Williams, James; Goff, James; Lane, Emily M.; Bind, Jochen; Qasim, Ilyas; Thomas, Kristie-Lee; Mueller, Christof; Hampton, Samuel J.; Borella, Josh W.

doi:10.1016/j.sedgeo.2018.03.013

Cited by 7 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…At Ma'asina, a discernible calcareous sand deposit was observed between 0.4-0.8 m depth in the core. The embayment which this area is located has been impacted in the past by far-field tsunamis such as the 1960 Valdivia [8], with the Samoan sites and profiles provided in [16,19].…”

Section: Methods and Materials 21 Study Area And Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of trace element, principal component, radiometric and isotope analysis to help distinguish marine from terrestrially sourced sediment and determine the ages of specific sediment units can help to constrain a tsunami layer. A more detailed description of these examples, including a comprehensive list of tsunami deposit characteristics can be found in [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, such proxies have also been used to characterize the extent of tsunami inundation in areas which lack sedimentary transitions visible to the naked eye. For example, in [4][5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, organic dilution affects the raw datasets due to the closed-sum effect which in turn, can affect analytical interpretations if it is not adequately accounted for [11]. Normalization against Al can provide an organicfiltered dataset representative of the lithogenic faction of the sediment, which is more reliable for tsunami interpretation [8,11]. Itrax studies of tsunami deposits prior to the results presented in [8] had not accounted for organic dilution in the datasets, often resulting in ambiguous Itrax interpretations of tsunami episodes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, available Itrax data for sediment cores collected from the Samoan Islands following the 2009 tsunami in this region [15,16] (Figure 1), are normalized against Al and compared with tsunami Itrax observations at Little Pigeon Bay following the 2016 Kaikōura tsunami in New Zealand [8]. A distinct elevated elemental signature associated with the 2016 event was observed at Little Pigeon Bay, with comparable signatures representing characteristic types of events deeper in the sedimentary record.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tsunami Elemental Signatures in the Samoan Islands: A Case Study

Williams¹

2020

Applied Geochemistry With Case Studies on Geological Formations, Exploration Techniques and Environmental Issues

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This study uses Itrax X-ray fluorescence element data available for Samoan sediment cores, obtained from three separate locations after the 2009 tsunami in this region, to identify its elemental characteristics in the coastal landscape. Normalization of data using Al reveals a distinct elevated elemental signature for this event at sites which had experienced inundation. This provides benchmarks for identifying comparable signatures in the core profiles which likely represent past tsunamis to have inundated each site. Such information can support a better understanding of the frequency and longer-term threats posed by tsunamis in this region. The findings presented are consistent with benchmark tsunami Itrax observations at Little Pigeon Bay following the 2016 Kaikōura Tsunami in New Zealand. Furthermore, they reinforce the normalization of Itrax element data using Al to interpret tsunami episodes in sediment cores, in addition to using high resolution core scanning as an effective non-destructive tool to screen likely tsunami deposits for more targeted multi-proxy analysis.

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Section: Methods and Materials 21 Study Area And Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%