Sedimentology of Hudson Bay, district of Keewatin, 34, 44 and 54

Leslie, Robert J.

doi:10.4095/101032

Cited by 4 publications

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“…Circulation patterns for water bodies of North America that are nearly separated from the ocean or from large adjacent lakes by structural barriers have been published for: Baffin Bay (18,19), Hudson Bay (20,21), Gulf of St. Lawrence (22,23), Passamaquoddy Bay (24), Grand Traverse Bay (25), Bay of Fundy (26,27), Gulf of Maine (22), and Long Island Sound (28). In South America the circulation in Lake Maracaibo (29) Circulation patterns for lakes simplified from original illustrations cited in the text: Lake Superior, Lake Constance, Lake Geneva, Aral Sea, Lake Huron, Lake Michigan, Lake Ontario, Lake Erie, Caspian Sea, Salton Sea, Dead Sea, and Bitter Lake.…”

Section: Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Circulation of Lakes and Nearly Land-Locked Seas

Emery

Csanady

1973

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The pattern of surface circulation has been mapped for more than 40 lakes, marginal seas, estuaries, and lagoons. All are within the northern hemisphere, and all except one are known to have a counterclockwise pattern. This consistent pattern is attributed to the drag of wind blowing across the bodies of water. Warmer surface water is displaced to the right-hand shore zone (facing downwind), where it produces greater surface turbulence and, thus, greater wind drag. This effect leads to counterclockwise water circulation regardless of the direction and, within limits, the duration of the wind.During studies of northern hemisphere lakes and water bodies marginal to the ocean, we have noted a consistent counterclockwise circulation of surface waters. "Circulation" is here defined to mean a long-term pattern of motion, or residual motion remaining after the irregular water movements involved in wind drift, seiches, and other short-term phenomena are averaged. The averaging period is taken to be long compared with the typical passage time of weather cycles. Experimentally, such long-term patterns of flow may be directly determined, e.g., by releasing batches of drift bottles and tracing their paths of long period drift.Charts of this circulation pattern were assembled, and the cause of the pattern was examined in the expectation that it may be useful to other workers, particularly in connection with predictions of pollution down-current from points of sewage and industrial discharge into large bodies of water. Information about circulation patterns of lakes is very scarce in limnological journals, as these mainly are limited to strictly biological problems. Moreover, most studies of water movements in lakes are restricted to seiches, internal waves, and other movements in a vertical plane. Investigations of circulation in marginal seas and estuaries are more common than in lakes, possibly because of the natural landward extension of oceanographic methods. Many marginal seas are separated from the ocean by barriers caused by crustal deformation that allow little exchange of water. These are included in the discussion below. Estuaries and lagoons separated from the ocean by barriers produced by sand deposition, and marginal seas widely open to the ocean (Kars Sea, Chukchi Sea, Norwegian Sea, Bering Sea, and the North Sea) often have circulation patterns similar to those of lakes and the nearly land-locked seas, but they are omitted here because of possible control by currents from the open ocean. PatternsThe charts of horizontal circulation in lakes and nearly landlocked bodies of ocean water are so thinly and widely scattered in physical and geological literature that we probably have missed some of the published examples. Most of the ones we found are illustrated in simplified form in Figs. 1 and 2. Examples of patterns from lakes of North America listed from north to south are: Lake Superior (1), Lake Huron (1-3), Lake Michigan (1, 4), Lake Ontario (1, 5), Lake Erie (1, 6), Great Salt Lake (7), and the Salto...

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Section: Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Circulation of Lakes and Nearly Land-Locked Seas

Emery

Csanady

1973

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…A detailed bathymétrie survey by the Canadian Hydrographie Office (Thompson et al, 1985a(Thompson et al, , 1985b(Thompson et al, , 1985c has now provided us with new insight on the sea-floor morphology in southeastern Hudson Bay. In 1987, following earlier reconnaissance work by Leslie (1964), Leslie andPelletier (1965), andPelletier (1966), the Atlantic Geoscience Centre of the Geological Survey of Canada initiated a multiyear geophysical and geological program in Hudson Bay, with the purpose of mapping the regional stratigraphy and the distribution of Quaternary sediments (Josenhans ef a/., 1988;Josenhans and Zevenhuizen, 1990;Bilodeau et al, 1990), and of developing a general déglacia-tion model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismo-Stratigraphy and Sedimentology of Holocene Sediments off Grande Rivière de la Baleine, Southeastern Hudson Bay, Québec

Gonthier¹,

d'Anglejan²,

Josenhans³

2007

gpq

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The regional distribution of Holocene sediments of eastern Hudson Bay off the Grande Rivière de la Baleine mouth was mapped using a grid of reflection seismic lines (approximately 300 km long and covering an area of approximately 800 km2) and data from 7 piston cores. Based on the seismic records and piston cores, 4 stratigraphic units overlying the Proterozoic bedrock (unit 1) were defined and interpreted: (unit 2) glacial till deposited by a westward flowing ice sheet, (unit 3) rhythmically bedded clays and silts presumably deposited in glacial Lake Ojibway, (unit 4) postglacial marine muds deposited in the Tyrrell Sea overlain by undifferentiated modern marine muds, and (unit 5) distal fluviodeltaic sediments from Grande Rivière de la Baleine. Similar stratigraphie units have been described onshore. Textural and geochemical analyses suggest that unit 3 rhythmites are true varves; dark "summer" laminae were deposited mainly by underflows during the open water season, and light "winter" laminae were deposited by overflows-interflows along thermal stratifications under a seasonal ice cover. Unit 5 covers approximately 400 km2 and occurs as a deltaic constructional wedge protruding as far as 11 km offshore of the Grande Rivière de la Baleine entrance with thicknesses reaching 30 m along the coast. It was deposited between 3500 BP and the present from remobilization of glacial sediments farther upstream due to river downcutting during emergence.La répartition régionale des sédiments holocènes de l'est de la baie d'Hudson, face à l'embouchure de la Grande rivière de la Baleine, a été cartographiée à l'aide d'un grille de profils de sismique réflexion (d'environ 300 km de long et d'une superficie de 800 km2) et de données provenant de sept forages par carottier à piston. Quatre unités stratigraphiques reposant sur le socle protérozoïque (unité 1) ont été définies et interprétées : un till (unité 2) déposé par un glacier progressant vers l'ouest, des argiles et silts stratifiés (unité 3) probablement déposés dans le Lac glaciaire Ojibway, des boues marines postglaciaires (unité 4) déposés dans la Mer de Tyrrell auxquelles se superposent des boues marines récentes indifférenciées et des sédiments fluvio-deltaiques distaux (unité 5) provenant de la Grande rivière de la Baleine. Les mêmes unités stratigraphiques ont été décrites sur la côte. Les analyses granulométriques et géochimiques laissent croire que les rythmites de l'unité 3 sont des varves; les couches foncées d'été ont surtout été déposées par des courants de densité s'écoulant sur le fond pendant la période libre de glace et les couches pâles d'hiver ont été transportés en suspension le long de stratifications thermiques sous un couvert de glace saisonnier. L'unité 5 couvre environ 400 km2 et forme un prisme s'étendant jusqu'à 11 km de l'embouchure de la Grande rivière de la Baleine avec des épaisseurs atteignant 30 m le long de la côte. La mise en place de l'unité 5 s'est faite entre 3500 BP et aujourd'hui et résulte de l'érosion et de l'apport de sédiments d...

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