Seed exchange networks, ethnicity, and sorghum diversity

Labeyrie, Vanesse; Thomas, Mathieu; Muthamia, Zachary Kithinji; Leclerc, Christian

doi:10.1073/pnas.1513238112

Cited by 71 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…In particular, our results contrast sharply with a recent comparative study between pearl millet and sorghum population genetic structure on Mount Kenya slopes (Labeyrie et al , 2016). These authors failed to show any genetic structure for pearl millet, contrarily to sorghum, when sampling from six different ethno-linguistic neighbouring groups.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Unexpected pattern of pearl millet genetic diversity among ethno-linguistic groups in the Lake Chad Basin

et al. 2017

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Despite of a growing interest in considering the role of sociological factors in seed exchanges and their consequences on the evolutionary dynamics of agro-biodiversity, very few studies assessed the link between ethno-linguistic diversity and genetic diversity patterns in small-holder farming systems. This is key for optimal improvement and conservation of crop genetic resources. Here, we investigated genetic diversity at 17 SSR markers of pearl millet landraces (varieties named by farmers) in the Lake Chad Basin. 69 pearl millet populations, representing 27 landraces collected in eight ethno-linguistic farmer groups, were analyzed. We found that the farmers’ local taxonomy was not a good proxy for population’s genetic differentiation as previously shown at smaller scales. Our results show the existence of a genetic structure of pearl millet mainly associated with ethno-linguistic diversity in the western side of the lake Chad. It suggests there is a limit to gene flow between landraces grown by different ethno-linguistic groups. This result was rather unexpected, because of the highly outcrossing mating system of pearl millet, the high density of pearl millet fields all along the green belt of this Sahelian area and the fact that seed exchanges among ethno-linguistic groups are known to occur. In the eastern side of the Lake, the pattern of genetic diversity suggests a larger efficient circulation of pearl millet genes between ethno-linguistic groups that are less numerous, spatially intermixed and, for some of them, more prone to exogamy. Finally, other historical and environmental factors which may contribute to the observed diversity patterns are discussed.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Unexpected pattern of pearl millet genetic diversity among ethno-linguistic groups in the Lake Chad Basin

et al. 2017

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“…Previous studies have acknowledged the role of traditional knowledge and culture practices of smallholder farmers and indigenous communities for biodiversity conservation at the species, genetic, ecosystem, and landscape levels (Altieri, 2004). Many traditional management practices, customs, and beliefs have been reported to contribute to biodiversity protection including seed exchange systems (Labeyrie, Thomas, Muthamia, & Leclerc, 2016), marriage exchanges (Delêtre, McKey, & Hodkinson, 2011), religious rituals (Mazumdar & Mazumdar, 2012), and dietary traditions (Penafiel, Lachat, Espinel, Van Damme, & Kolsteren, 2011). These practices, customs, and beliefs have been linked to preserving crop landraces (Jackson, Pascual, & Hodgkin, 2007), old trees (Salick et al., 2007), and economic plants (Liu et al., 2014) including those with esthetic, food, and medicinal values (Begum et al., 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity, population structure, and traditional culture of Camellia reticulata

Tong

Huang

Riek³

et al. 2017

Ecology and Evolution

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Camellia reticulata is an arbor tree that has been cultivated in southwestern China by various sociolinguistic groups for esthetic purposes as well as to derive an edible seed oil. This study examined the influence of management, socio‐economic factors, and religion on the genetic diversity patterns of Camellia reticulata utilizing a combination of ethnobotanical and molecular genetic approaches. Semi‐structured interviews and key informant interviews were carried out with local communities in China's Yunnan Province. We collected plant material (n = 190 individuals) from five populations at study sites using single‐dose AFLP markers in order to access the genetic diversity within and between populations. A total of 387 DNA fragments were produced by four AFLP primer sets. All DNA fragments were found to be polymorphic (100%). A relatively high level of genetic diversity was revealed in C. reticulata samples at both the species (H sp = 0.3397, I sp = 0.5236) and population (percentage of polymorphic loci = 85.63%, H pop = 0.2937, I pop = 0.4421) levels. Findings further revealed a relatively high degree of genetic diversity within C. reticulata populations (Analysis of Molecular Variance = 96.31%). The higher genetic diversity within populations than among populations of C. reticulata from different geographies is likely due to the cultural and social influences associated with its long cultivation history for esthetic and culinary purposes by diverse sociolinguistic groups. This study highlights the influence of human management, socio‐economic factors, and other cultural variables on the genetic and morphological diversity of C. reticulata at a regional level. Findings emphasize the important role of traditional culture on the conservation and utilization of plant genetic diversity.

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“…La synthèse d'études menées sur différentes espèces et dans divers pays montre l'efficacité des systèmes semenciers locaux, favorisant la diffusion rapide de nouvelles variétés, parfois sur de longues distances (Coomes et al, 2015). Ces études montrent notamment que les agriculteurs ont fréquem-ment recours aux marchés pour se procurer du matériel végétal (McGuire et Sperling, 2016), et mobilisent leur réseau de relations sociales, notamment leur parentèle (Labeyrie et al, 2015). Cependant, Kombo et al (2012) rapportent que la majorité du matériel végétal utilisé par les exploitations d'une zone proche d'Oyo est autoproduit, et que seul 6 % est obtenu auprès des proches, et 0,6 % sur les marchés.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Dynamiques temporelles de la diversité variétale du manioc (Manihot esculentaCrantz) dans deux bassins de culture en République du Congo

Otabo¹,

Labeyrie

Duval

et al. 2017

Cah. Agric.

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Mots clés : diversité variétale / manioc / exploitation familiale / dynamique temporelle / République du CongoAbstract -Temporal dynamics of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) varietal diversity in two production basins in the Republic of the Congo. Cassava is the staple food of the Congolese population. It is mostly grown in family farms where varietal diversity is a major factor of adaptation to changes. However, the way producers manage this diversity over time is unknown. This study characterizes the dynamics of cassava diversity in two production areas between 2007 and 2012, based on surveys of 300 households. Farms varietal diversity was characterized from field inventories based on vernacular names. Diversity levels of farms, villages and sites and composition of varietal portfolios were compared between the two years. Moreover, the qualitative comparison of these inventories with those of the 1970s made it possible to establish which varieties were cultivated in both periods. Finally, the causes of abandon and adoption of varieties reported by producers were synthesized. Diversity levels of sites and villages remained stable between 2007 and 2012, but villages' varietal portfolios have undergone major transformations and the intensity of these changes varies among them. At a longer timescale (40 years), some varieties were maintained despite changes in agricultural systems. The influence of the different processes involved in these dynamics is discussed.

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Seed exchange networks, ethnicity, and sorghum diversity

Cited by 71 publications

References 45 publications

Unexpected pattern of pearl millet genetic diversity among ethno-linguistic groups in the Lake Chad Basin

Unexpected pattern of pearl millet genetic diversity among ethno-linguistic groups in the Lake Chad Basin

Genetic diversity, population structure, and traditional culture of Camellia reticulata

Dynamiques temporelles de la diversité variétale du manioc (Manihot esculentaCrantz) dans deux bassins de culture en République du Congo

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