Seed Formation Promoted by Paclobutrazol, a Gibberellin Biosynthesis Inhibitor, in pat-2 Parthenocarpic Tomatoes

Ohkawa, Hiroshi; Sugahara, Shinji; Oda, Masayuki

doi:10.2503/jjshs1.81.177

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 23 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In controls, 3-year-old corms had 1530-1735 anthers. The present findings are unlike in other species such as the parthenocarpic tomato, where blocking gibberellin biosynthesis using paclobutrazol promotes seed production (Ohkawa et al, 2012); in Cucurbitaceae such as Cucumis sativus L and Momordica charantia L, application of GA 3 at 400 ppm stimulates the number of staminate and pistillate flowers, i.e., 37-59% and 43-44%, respectively (Khan and Chaudhry, 2006). Cheng et al (2013) noted that GA 3 application in grapes causes embryo abortion and stimulates high seedless rates.…”

Section: Seed Productioncontrasting

confidence: 77%

Gibberellic Acid Application Causes Erratic Flowering on Young Corms of <i>Amorphophallus muelleri</i> Blume (Araceae)

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Flowering induction in Amorphophallus muelleri Blume is required for mass production of seeds within a short period of time. Hence, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of gibberellic acid (GA 3) application on flowering induction for non-flowering-aged corms (immature corms) in A. muelleri. Research was conducted at Leuwikopo Farm, Bogor-Indonesia in May 2015-August 2016. Dormant corms of bulbils (0 year), 1-, and 2-year-old were treated with 0, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 ppm GA 3. A 3-year-old corm was used as an additional control. Results demonstrated that GA 3 application effectively induced flowering in 2-year-old corms. Bulbils flowered at a rate of 1.7-6.7% and 1-year-old corm at a rate of 2.8-16.7% irrespective of GA 3 levels; 100% and 50-100% of inflorescences, respectively, were abnormal leading to low seed production. The GA 3 application caused erratic flowering in bulbils and one-year-old corms, indicating age-dependentflowering in A. muelleri. The erratic flowering caused a detrimental effect on seed production. In this experiment, 2-year-old corms produced larger inflorescences and a lower number of abnormal inflorescences. Thus, application of GA 3 at a level of 1500 ppm on 2-year-old corms is recommended for mass production of A. muelleri seeds within a short period of time. In the future, it will be interesting to study the physiological mechanism of the erratic flowering phenomenon across corm age in A. muelleri.

show abstract

Section: Seed Productioncontrasting

confidence: 77%

Gibberellic Acid Application Causes Erratic Flowering on Young Corms of <i>Amorphophallus muelleri</i> Blume (Araceae)

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, in our study, the down-regulation of Pat-k / SlAGL6 not only exhibits stable parthenocarpy, but also inhibits seed formation via abnormal ovule formation. Although the treatment of gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitor or inhibitor of auxin action increases the number of seeds in ‘Renaissance’, a parthenocarpic cultivar with pat-2 , [ 44 , 45 ], they have no effect on seed production in ‘MPK-1’ (unpublished data). This result shows that it is difficult to increase the number of seeds in a SlAGL6 -mutated line using a chemical that affects the biosynthesis or signaling of plant hormones.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The parthenocarpic gene Pat-k is generated by a natural mutation of SlAGL6 affecting fruit development in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundParthenocarpy is a desired trait in tomato because it can overcome problems with fruit setting under unfavorable environmental conditions. A parthenocarpic tomato cultivar, ‘MPK-1’, with a parthenocarpic gene, Pat-k, exhibits stable parthenocarpy that produces few seeds. Because ‘MPK-1’ produces few seeds, seedlings are propagated inefficiently via cuttings. It was reported that Pat-k is located on chromosome 1. However, the gene had not been isolated and the relationship between the parthenocarpy and low seed set in ‘MPK-1’ remained unclear. In this study, we isolated Pat-k to clarify the relationship between parthenocarpy and low seed set in ‘MPK-1’.ResultsUsing quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis for parthenocarpy and seed production, we detected a major QTL for each trait on nearly the same region of the Pat-k locus on chromosome 1. To isolate Pat-k, we performed fine mapping using an F4 population following the cross between a non-parthenocarpic cultivar, ‘Micro-Tom’ and ‘MPK-1’. The results showed that Pat-k was located in the 529 kb interval between two markers, where 60 genes exist. By using data from a whole genome re-sequencing and genome sequence analysis of ‘MPK-1’, we could identify that the SlAGAMOUS-LIKE 6 (SlAGL6) gene of ‘MPK-1’ was mutated by a retrotransposon insertion. The transcript level of SlAGL6 was significantly lower in ovaries of ‘MPK-1’ than a non-parthenocarpic cultivar. From these results, we could conclude that Pat-k is SlAGL6, and its down-regulation in ‘MPK-1’ causes parthenocarpy and low seed set. In addition, we observed abnormal micropyles only in plants homozygous for the ‘MPK-1’ allele at the Pat-k/SlAGL6 locus. This result suggests that Pat-k/SlAGL6 is also related to ovule formation and that the low seed set in ‘MPK-1’ is likely caused by abnormal ovule formation through down-regulation of Pat-k/SlAGL6.ConclusionsPat-k is identical to SlAGL6, and its down-regulation causes parthenocarpy and low seed set in ‘MPK-1’. Moreover, down-regulation of Pat-k/SlAGL6 could cause abnormal ovule formation, leading to a reduction in the number of seeds.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12870-018-1285-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

show abstract

“…In addition, pro-2 still carries undesirable traits for breeding (i.e. small size of fruit and reduced seed numbers), although a gene pyramiding strategy using QTL that increases fruit size 43 or PAC treatment to promote seed production from parthenocarpic plants 44 may alleviate these drawbacks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and functional study of a mild allele of SlDELLA gene conferring the potential for improved yield in tomato

Shinozaki

Ezura

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Parthenocarpy, or pollination-independent fruit set, is an attractive trait for fruit production and can be induced by increased responses to the phytohormone gibberellin (GA), which regulates diverse aspects of plant development. GA signaling in plants is negatively regulated by DELLA proteins. A loss-of-function mutant of tomato DELLA (SlDELLA), procera (pro) thus exhibits enhanced GA-response phenotypes including parthenocarpy, although the pro mutation also confers some disadvantages for practical breeding. This study identified a new milder hypomorphic allele of SlDELLA, procera-2 (pro-2), which showed weaker GA-response phenotypes than pro. The pro-2 mutant contains a single nucleotide substitution, corresponding to a single amino acid substitution in the SAW subdomain of the SlDELLA. Accumulation of the mutated SlDELLA transcripts in wild-type (WT) resulted in parthenocarpy, while introduction of intact SlDELLA into pro-2 rescued mutant phenotypes. Yeast two-hybrid assays revealed that SlDELLA interacted with three tomato homologues of GID1 GA receptors with increasing affinity upon GA treatment, while their interactions were reduced by the pro and pro-2 mutations. Both pro and pro-2 mutants produced higher fruit yields under high temperature conditions, which were resulted from higher fruit set efficiency, demonstrating the potential for genetic parthenocarpy to improve yield under adverse environmental conditions.

show abstract

Seed Formation Promoted by Paclobutrazol, a Gibberellin Biosynthesis Inhibitor, in pat-2 Parthenocarpic Tomatoes

Cited by 5 publications

References 23 publications

Gibberellic Acid Application Causes Erratic Flowering on Young Corms of <i>Amorphophallus muelleri</i> Blume (Araceae)

Gibberellic Acid Application Causes Erratic Flowering on Young Corms of <i>Amorphophallus muelleri</i> Blume (Araceae)

The parthenocarpic gene Pat-k is generated by a natural mutation of SlAGL6 affecting fruit development in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

Identification and functional study of a mild allele of SlDELLA gene conferring the potential for improved yield in tomato

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About