Seed predation and dispersal by peccaries throughout the neotropics and its consequences: a review and synthesis.

Beck, Harald; Forget, P. M.; Lambert, Joanna E.; Hulme, Philip E.; Wall, Stephen B. Vander

doi:10.1079/9780851998060.0077

Cited by 69 publications

(113 citation statements)

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“…Combining the germination results with the potential beneficial effect of manure as a fertilizer, these species may achieve even greater seed germination and seedling survival (Traveset et al, 2007). These results are in accordance with previous studies showing that small seeds (≤10 mm) from numerous tree species germinated successfully after being recovered in peccary feces (Beck, 2005).…”

Section: Conservation In the Northeastern Atlantic Rainforestsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Undoubtedly, peccaries have the potential to disperse small seeded species over long distances, and seem to have a beneficial effect on seed germination for at least some species. Considering that peccaries have large home ranges (up to 8,000 ha for P. tajacu and 20,000 ha for T. pecari; Sowls, 1997) and have retention times of up to six days, they have the ability to generate a large seed-shadow, aiding the dispersion of small seeded species through landscapes and habitats and promoting gene flow among plant populations (Beck, 2005). On a smaller scale, expectoration of seeds a few metres away from where the fruit is picked up is a short-distance mode of dispersion and, although not measured, we observed this behaviour during consumption.…”

Section: Role Of Peccariesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Peccaries inhabiting the rainforest are opportunistic frugivores consuming fruits and seeds from a wide morphological and taxonomical range, and are important biomass consumers (Sowls, 1997;Keuroghlian et al, 2004;Beck, 2005). In the Amazon, Bodmer (1989) found that 60 to 65% of the stomach content was fruits and seeds in both species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have often emphasised the predatory role of peccaries (Silman et al, 2003;Wyatt and Silman, 2004;Fleury and Galetti, 2006), although some studies have recognised the peccary dual-role as seed disperser and predator (Beck, 2005;Keuroghlian and Eaton, 2008). Peccaries may disperse seeds through either epizoochory or endozoochory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Animal-mediated seed dispersal can reduce intra-specific competition, assist in colonisation of disturbed area, increase gene flow, and reduce density-dependent predation (Howe and Smallwood, 1982;Willson, 1992;Beck, 2005). Conversely, seed predation can also result in selective survival of seeds due to predator preference, reduction of competition by abundant plant species (therefore a higher survival of rare species), modification of distribution patterns, maintenance of low density of individuals from the same species, and increase diversity within a given area (Janzen, 1970;Fragoso, 1997;Hulme and Benkman, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fate of native and introduced seeds consumed by captive white-lipped and collared peccaries (Tayassu pecari, Link 1795 and Pecari tajacu, Linnaeus 1758) in the Atlantic rainforest, Brazil

et al. 2010

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We studied the role of white-lipped and collared peccaries (Tayassu pecari and Pecari tajacu) as seed predators and dispersers in the Atlantic rainforest of Brazil. The Atlantic rainforest ecosystem is highly threatened and has experienced dramatic declines in its populations of large mammals. Local extinctions can disrupt essential plant-animal interactions such as seed dispersion and seed predation. We tracked seeds from time of consumption to germination to assess the direct impact peccaries have on seed survival. We offered fruits of 20 species found in the Atlantic rainforest to the peccaries. Seeds were categorised as intact, scarified, ingested or defecated, and germination tests were performed. The overall impact by both peccary species was similar. Seeds were sometime scarified by mastication, always with fatal consequences. Most seeds that were consumed were destroyed during ingestion and digestion. Only small seeds (<10 mm) were found in the feces and germination tests suggest a positive effect from the passage through the guts. Peccaries clearly have a double role as both seed predators and as small seeds dispersers, which is a specialised role within the granivore/frugivore community of the Atlantic rainforest.Keywords: seed dispersal, seed predation, peccaries, Tayassuidae, Atlantic rainforest. Destino das sementes consumidas por queixadas e catetos (Tayassu pecari e Pecari tajacu) na Mata Atlântica, BrasilResumo O papel dos porcos-do-mato, cateto (Pecari tajacu) e queixada (Tayassu pecari), como predadores e dispersores de sementes foram estudados no contexto da Mata Atlântica. Neste ecossistema extremamente ameaçado, as populações de grande mamíferos vêm diminuindo drasticamente. A extinção local de algumas dessas espécies pode modificar as interações plantas-animais como a dispersão e a predação de sementes. Sementes de 20 espécies de plantas lenhosas da Mata Atlântica foram acompanhadas desde a ingestão até a germinação para avaliar o impacto direto que queixadas e catetos têm sobre a sobrevivência destas sementes. As sementes foram categorizadas em: ignoradas, escarificadas (danos mecânicos), engolidas ou defecadas. Também foram realizados testes de germinação. O impacto das duas espécies de foi similar. Às vezes, as sementes foram escarificadas por mastigação, com consequências letais. A maioria das sementes consumidas foi destruída durante a ingestão e digestão. Somente sementes pequenas (<10 mm) foram defecadas. Os testes de germinação sugerem um impacto positivo nas sementes que passaram pelo trato digestivo. Os porcos desempenham claramente um papel duplo: predadores de sementes e dispersores de sementes pequenas, um papel especializado dentro da communidade de frugívoros/granívoros na Mata Atlântica.Palavras-chave: dispersão de sementes, predação de sementes, porcos-do-mato, Tayassuidae, Mata Atlântica.

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Section: Conservation In the Northeastern Atlantic Rainforestsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Role Of Peccariesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Fate of native and introduced seeds consumed by captive white-lipped and collared peccaries (Tayassu pecari, Link 1795 and Pecari tajacu, Linnaeus 1758) in the Atlantic rainforest, Brazil

et al. 2010

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How mammalian predation contributes to tropical tree community structure

Paine

Beck

Terborgh

2016

Ecology

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23The recruitment of seedlings from seeds is the key demographic transition for rain forest trees. 24Though tropical forest mammals are known to consume many seeds, their effects on tree 25 community structure remain little known. To evaluate their effects, we monitored 8000 seeds of 26 24 tree species using exclosure cages that were selectively permeable to three size-classes of 27 mammals for up to 4.4 years. Small and medium-bodied mammals removed many more seeds 28 than did large mammals, and they alone generated beta diversity and negative density 29 dependence, whereas all mammals reduced diversity and shaped local species composition. 30Thus, small and medium-bodied mammals more strongly contributed to community structure and 31 promoted species coexistence than did large mammals. Given that seedling recruitment is seed-32 limited for most species, alterations to the composition of the community of mammalian seed 33 predators is expected to have long-term consequences for tree community structure in tropical 34 forests. 35 36

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