Seed Sharing in Amazonian Indigenous Rain Forest Communities: a Social Network Analysis in three Achuar Villages, Peru

Modeling Epidemics in Seed Systems to Guide Management Strategies: The Case of Sweetpotato in Northern Uganda

“…We found that a NGOs), and may increase in coming years if these varieties become accepted by farmers and there remains an adequate local supply of vines provided by these informal sellers. Seed exchange is often highly related to kinship ties, language, and social organization patterns (Abizaid et al 2016;Labeyrie et al 2016;Perales et al 2005;Westengen et al 2014) and…”

Rural Social Networks along Amazonian Rivers: Seeds, Labor and Soccer among Communities on the Napo River, Peru

“…Local farming households rely primarily on labor within the household and through cooperative labor, mainly from kin and friends within the same village (Takasaki and others ), but also from others in neighboring communities (Abizaid and others ); cooperative labor is used primarily for forest clearing (Takasaki and others ). Importantly, households obtain seeds and other planting material through informal seed networks within and outside of their communities to replant fields following major floods and to secure new crops (Ban and Coomes ; Perrault‐Archambault ; Coomes ; Stromberg and others ; Abizaid and others ). The main forms of crop seed acquisition are purchase, gift and loans.…”

“…Ethnographies and studies on rural life and livelihoods in Amazonia have made important contributions to our understanding of a wide range of social exchange relations, including food or manioc beer sharing (Harris ; WinklerPrins and de Souza ; Franzen and Eaves 2008; Killick ; Welch ), transfers of knowledge (Henley ) and planting material (Boster ; Cole and others ; Cabral de Oliveira ; Heckler and Zent ; Coomes ; Abizaid and others ), labor sharing (Hames ; Takasaki and others ; Abizaid and others ), compadrazgo (godparenting or coparenting) (Killick ), migration (WinklerPrins and de Souza ; Padoch and others ; Randell and VanWey ), intermarriage (Reeve and High ; Fleming ), and trade (Lathrap ; Reeve ; Henley ). Such studies, however, either privilege relationships and interactions within a single community or a sample of households from a small number of communities, often of the same ethnic group, or connections between rural communities and the city, including market relations, urban‐ward migration for education and jobs, and the multisited nature of Amazonian life (WinklerPrins ; WinklerPrins and de Souza ; Padoch and others ; van Vliet and others ).…”

“…A recurrent concern in this literature is whether traditional linkages based on sharing, trust, and reciprocity are disappearing with the expansion of markets (Behrens ; Minzenberg and Wallace, ; Takasaki and others ). In spite of the long history of studying social relations in Amazonia, only in recent years have scholars began to adopt a social‐networks perspective (Kawa and others 2012; Peña‐Venegas and others , Abizaid and others , ), and unlike other research settings such as the Andes, South Africa, and Thailand, the spatial configuration of such networks remains little studied (Faust and others ; Zimmerer ; Schramski and Huang ).…”

Unearthing Unevenness of Potato Seed Networks in the High Andes: A Comparison of Distinct Cultivar Groups and Farmer Types Following Seasons With and Without Acute Stress

“…These, in turn, are a response to different socioeconomic and regulatory environments (Almekinders, 2000;Almekinders and Louette, 2000;Sperling et al, 2013). Social network analysis provides a unique lens to study seed exchange and has been widely used recently to understand gender inequalities (Tatlonghari et al, 2012;Wencélius et al, 2016), crop species distribution (Zimmerer, 2003;Abizaid et al, 2016), resilience to stress (Violon et al, 2016), genetic diversity (Poudel et al, 2015), and epidemiological risk (Andersen et al, 2017;Buddenhagen et al, 2017), among other aspects of seed flows.…”