Seeding date and nitrogen fertilization effects on the performance of borage (Borago officinalis L.)

BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF BORAGE (Borago officinalis L.) FLOWERS AND LEAVES

“…Total phenolic content in three extracts of borage flowers determined by Aliakbarlu and Tajik [2012] [Muuse et al 1988, Gunstone 1992, del Río et al 1993, de HaroBailón and del Río 1998, Zadernowski et al 1999, de Haro et al 2004, Borowy et al 2016. Unsaturated fatty acids made 60% [Król 2010] while γ-linolenic acid 8.7-30% of this oil, respectively [del Río et al 1993, Berti et al 1998, Zadernowski et al 1999, Berti et al 2002, El Hafid et al 2002, Mhamdi et al 2009, Borowy et al 2016]. Borage seed oil is known to be the richest plant source of γ-linoleic acid [Beaubaire and Simon 1987, El Hafid et al 2002, Asadi-Samani et al 2014, however it also contains small quantities of erucic acid (0.6-3.3%) [del Río et al 1993, Berti et al 1998, Borowy et al 2016.…”

“…Unsaturated fatty acids made 60% [Król 2010] while γ-linolenic acid 8.7-30% of this oil, respectively [del Río et al 1993, Berti et al 1998, Zadernowski et al 1999, Berti et al 2002, El Hafid et al 2002, Mhamdi et al 2009, Borowy et al 2016]. Borage seed oil is known to be the richest plant source of γ-linoleic acid [Beaubaire and Simon 1987, El Hafid et al 2002, Asadi-Samani et al 2014, however it also contains small quantities of erucic acid (0.6-3.3%) [del Río et al 1993, Berti et al 1998, Borowy et al 2016. Mhamdi et al [2009] pointed out the presence of 16 volatile components in the essential oil produced from borage seeds with major β-caryophyllene (26%) and p-cymene-8-ol (19.7%) while minor -nonadecane (0.7%) and hexanol (0.7%).…”

Antibacterial activity of Borago officinalis and Brassica juncea aqueous extracts evaluated in vitro and in situ using different food model systems

“…This plant is cultivated throughout the world and is used for folk medicinal purposes (Hassan Gilani, Bashir, & Khan, 2007), as well as for preparing beverages and salads (Branca, 2001). Plants and seeds of borage provide bio-active compounds (Bandoniene & Murkovic, 2002;Duke, 1992;Gudej & Tomczyk, 1996;Mhamdi, Wannes, Bourgou, & Marzouk, 2009) and, due to its content in gamma linolenic acid (GLA), borage is gaining increasing agricultural interest (El Hafid, Blade, & Hoyano, 2002).…”

Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of the World

“…This different response to N fertilization of the various plant organs explains why in some cases variations of Harvest Index (HI; percentage of seeds yield/total plant biomass) are more evident than the absolute variations of both components, that was e.g. found in borage, where HI tended to decrease with increasing nitrogen application rate whereas seed yields and total dry biomass were rather not affected (El Hafid et al 2002). It is possible therefore to find cases in which N fertilization has been found to affect negatively crop results, for example, allowing leaves to develop instead of other desired plant parts, or delaying flowering, or causing lodging of flowers (lavender and lavandin) and entire plants (anise) ).…”